Indian Citizenship and the Discourse of Hygiene/Disease in Nineteenth‐Century Peru

Citizenship had become conflated with 'race' in late nineteenth century Latin America partly on account of the new language of biological science. This article focuses on the contest between rights of belonging and rights of citizenship as played out in a provincial town in Andean Peru during the late nineteenth century. In particular, it explores how by drawing on a discourse of hygiene/disease a provincial elite was able to restrict access to public space in the town and thus deny 'Indians' the possibility of participating as citizens in urban political life.     

鸡传染性腔上囊病病毒VP2基因在昆虫细胞中的表达

为了深入研究鸡传染性腔上囊病病毒(IBDV)VP2基因的结构和功能,利用Bac-to-Bac系统研制出含有VP2基因的重组杆状病毒rBac-VP2,将rBac-VP2感染Sf9细胞,并用抗IBDVVP2特异性单克隆抗体经间接免疫荧光试验检测,证实感染重组病毒Sf9细胞能高效表达IBDVVP2基因产物;Western-blotting分析结果表明,VP2基因表达产物的分子质量约为40 ku。     

Evaluation of eosin-fluorescence in the diagnosis of sudden cardiac death

The diagnostic significance of the eosin-fluorescence method was evaluated and compared with the enzymehistochemical β-hydroxybutyrate-dehydrogenase method (β-HBDH) and the degree of hyperchromasia in 568 samples from 24 β-HBDH-negative and β-HBDH-positive sudden cardiac deaths (SCD) and 23 non-cardiac deaths as controls. The effect of autolysis was investigated separately on isolated human hearts at +4°C and +22°C. All samples were examined without any knowledge of clinical or autopsy data. Normal olive-green fluorescence was observed in only five individuals of the control group and two in the β-HBDH-negative one. The frequency of the yellow-fluorescence and hyperchromasia increased from the control subjects towards the β-HBDH-positive-ones. The difference in frequency distribution of fluorescence between the groups was statistically highly significant (P < 0.001). The change in fluorescence did not correlate with the loss of β-HBDH-reaction or the distribution pattern of hyperchromasia. Postmortem autolysis did not change the fluorescence significantly but the 78% wrong positive subjects in the control group render this method too sensitive and unreliable for medicolegal purposes.     

口蹄疫病毒真核表达质粒的构建及序列分析

根据定点突变的原理 ,获得包含有口蹄疫病毒P1、2A、3C及部分 2B编码区的目的基因片段 ,经KpnⅠ和XbaⅠ双酶切后 ,与经同样处理的真核表达质粒载体 pcDNA3.1(+ )连接。经鉴定及DNA序列分析 ,口蹄疫病毒目的基因片段已被正确克隆到真核表达质粒载体pcDNA3.1(+ )上 ,且目的基因上的XbaⅠ位点成功突变     

中枢VIP参与电针对大鼠胃黏膜的保护作用

目的：探讨中枢迷走背核复合体（DVC）血管活性肠肽（VIP）参与电针对大鼠胃黏膜保护作用的机制。方法：采用束缚－冷应激法复制胃黏膜损伤大鼠模型，通过中枢DVC微量注射VIP，观察电针对胃黏膜血流量（GMBF）、损伤模型（LI）和跨壁电位差（PD）的影响。结果：中枢DVC微量注射VIP后，模型组GMBF、PD明显增加（P＜0．05或P＜0．01），LI下降（P＜0．01），电针对中枢DVC微量注射VIP后的GMBF增加有协同作用。结论：VIP参与电针对损伤的胃黏膜的保护作用；DVC是VIP作用的中枢特异性部位之一。     

新城疫病毒F48E9株V基因的表达及其抗血清的制备

采用PCR方法从鸡源新城疫病毒(NDV)强毒F48E9株P基因重组质粒中扩增出了V 基因全长cDNA,并引进相应的突变位点,将其克隆到pMD18-T载体,然后亚克隆到原核表达载体 pET-30c上,重组质粒经酶切、PCR鉴定及测序,筛选出阳性重组质粒,并命名为pET-30c-V。将 pET-30c-V转化大肠埃希氏菌BL21(DE3),用1 mmol／L IPTG 37℃过夜诱导表达,SDS-PAGE 及Western-blotting分析结果表明,所表达的NDV V重组蛋白主要以包涵体形式存在,分子质量约28 ku,与理论值大小相符。将包涵体用8 mol／L脲变性,经Ni-NTA柱纯化,透析复性,得到纯化的V蛋白。用复性后的V蛋白免疫21日龄SPF鸡(300 μg／只),成功制备了抗鸡NDV V蛋白的抗血清。     

Death Due to Coronary Artery Insufficiency Following Blunt Trauma to the Chest

There have been numerous reports of sudden cardiac death following blunt trauma to the chest, but there is lack of such references in forensic literature. It is the court of law which makes decision about trauma precipitating natural events. The forensic pathologist is scientifically trained in the medical field and would be in a better position to give clear picture about the victim's general status at the time of death, exact nature and severity of the illness he is suffering from if any. He can also assess the nature and severity of injuries sustained, and thus, his opinion as to the possible role played by the traumatic event in bringing about the death is valuable. This paper will discuss the mechanism of cardiac injury or possible cardiac injury and sudden death of an apparently healthy 36‐year‐old male following blunt chest trauma sustained during alleged assault by his neighbor.     

Involuntary outpatient treatment in patients with severe mental illness: A one-year follow-up study

Introduction

Involuntary outpatient treatment (IOT) aims to ensure adherence to therapy in patients with serious mental disease who are unaware of their illness and for whom treatment discontinuation carries a high risk of relapse.

Objectives

To evaluate the effectiveness of IOT in preventing relapse among patients with serious mental disease.

Method

A retrospective observational study was carried out on all of the patients (n = 140) receiving IOT in the city of Valencia, Spain. Hospital service uses (emergency care, admissions and mean stay times) during the 12 months before and after the introduction of IOT were compared.

Results

Patients with schizophrenia, delusional disorder or schizoaffective disorder showed a significant reduction in the number of admissions and days spent in the psychiatry ward during the year of IOT. The reduction in the number of visits to the emergency department was only significant for the patients with schizophrenia.

Discussion

We conclude that involuntary outpatient treatment may be effective for patients with serious mental disease who are unaware of their illness and for whom treatment discontinuation carries a high risk of relapse.     

论职业病诊断的医学循证与法律推定

不同于一般临床疾病的诊断,职业病诊断是归因诊断,兼具医学性、法律性的特点。《职业病防治法》第四十六条前两款对职业病诊断作出了原则性规定,其中第二款的法律推定体现了职业病诊断的立法价值取向。然而,职业病诊断标准并未高度契合法律推定条款,法律推定操作性欠佳,诊断实务中不同专家对这两款的各自作用和相互关系认识不一,法律推定的适用与否直接影响诊断结论和法律价值的个案实现。对职业病诊断中该两款的协调及法律推定的操作进行论述,以供参考。