Shedding Russianness,recasting Ukrainianness: the post-Euromaidan dynamics of ethnonational identifications in Ukraine

Abstract

Euromaidan and the subsequent Russian military intervention brought about a perceptible change in ethnonational identifications of Ukrainian citizens. Based on three nationwide surveys from various years, the present article seeks to measure this shift and explore its underlying factors and mechanisms. My analysis reveals considerable changes in ethnolinguistic identifications, practices of language use, and preferences regarding language policies of the state, which can be seen as a kind of bottom-up de-Russification, a popular drift away from Russianness. At the same time, I demonstrate that changes in identifications by nationality and native language are related to changes in the perceptions of these categories; that is, that they should be conceptualized as measuring people’s perceived belonging to both ethnic groups and civic nations. In other words, as people are shedding their Russianness in favor of Ukrainianness, they are also changing the meaning of being Ukrainian.     

中外语言交流合作与人类命运共同体构建

中外语言交流合作及其品牌项目孔子学院是中国与世界文化交流互鉴的产物,是中国成功融入全球化后文化上影响全球的人文篇章,在构建人类命运共同体的过程中发挥着独特作用。中外语言交流合作与人类命运共同体建设相契相合,是构建人类命运共同体的重要实践,也是中国引领构建人类命运共同体的有效平台和生动载体,中外共建孔子学院为增进国际理解和夯实人类命运共同体搭建语言桥梁、消解文化隔阂、奠定人文基础。中外语言交流合作成为世界多元文明共同体、文化教育共同体、人文共同体链条中的重要一环,必将在人类命运共同体构建过程中展现更大作为。     

The Estonian song celebration (Laulupidu) as an instrument of language policy

There is an established body of literature surveying the role of language policy in identity construction. This paper exposes an angle that has been understudied. It suggests that national song festivals may be seen as a tool of ‘implicit’ language policy in Estonia. Informed by expert interviews and ethnographic, this study explores the tensions arising from the dual function of the festival. On the one hand, it sustains the language as the central ethnic-national attribute of Estonians. On the other hand, the ‘affective solidarity’ stemming from joint singing could support a stronger civic attachment to the language and state (by Russian-speaking minorities).     

论交际策略在高职高专英语教学中的应用

交际策略是语言交际能力的一个重要组成部分,在外语习得中具有重要的作用。由于东西方语言和文化的差异,往往导致高职高专学生在用英语交流时常出现交流受阻或中断的情况。因而,利用真实或模拟的语境让学生了解文化差异,培养学生的交际策略意识和能力,使其在实际交流过程中有意识地扬长避短,才能切实提高学生的英语交际水平。     

Calibrating the perceived strength of evidence of forensic testimony statements

Pattern comparison disciplines use categorical statements to express conclusions. We measured the strength of evidence for six different scales as perceived by members of the general public and fingerprint examiners. The statements came from different types of scales, and included categorical conclusions, likelihoods, strength of support statements, and random match probabilities. We used an online interface that required participants to first correctly sort the statements in a given conclusion scale, and then place each statement on a single evidence axis that ranged from most support imaginable for same source to most support imaginable for different sources. We analyzed the data using both the raw values and a Thurstone–Mosteller model based on ordinal values. We found systematic differences between examiners and members of the general public, such that examiners distinguished between Identification and Extremely Strong Support for Common Source, while members of the general public did not. Statements that included numerical values tended to be placed lower than categorical conclusions, and members of the general public tended to place the highest categorical conclusion in each scale at the very top of the evidence axis. The results suggest that laypersons can distinguish between statements meant to represent moderate vs strong evidence, but tend to place categorical conclusions above statements that involve numerical values.     

使用假币罪的实行行为方式解读

“使用伪造的货币”是我国现行刑法规定的使用假币罪的实行行为方式,学界对其基本含义存在“狭义说”与“广义说”之争,这种争议实质上是基于规范用语与普通用语的不同角度来理解“使用”概念而产生的。根据我国使用假币罪的立法变动情况和普通用语规范化的目的论解释方法,“使用伪造的货币”的基本含义应当解读为：以伪造的货币冒充真币,并以真币的通常用法加以利用的行为,但是应当排除私人储藏、出售伪造的货币以及银行工作人员以伪造的货币换取真币等三种情形。     

Does it matter whether people will know that I did not vote? The role of social norms and visibility

People behave in accordance with social norms when they feel observed or when they know their behaviour is monitored or could be disclosed. Get-Out-The-Vote experiments show that individuals are more likely to vote when told that their behaviour will be disclosed. In everyday life, however, there is much uncertainty about whether people will indeed know if one turns out to vote. I argue that fear of disapproval should only mobilize citizens to vote when they expect that their (non-)voting will be visible to others. Using original survey data from Canada, I measure expectations about whether others will vote, would disapprove if the person abstains, and will know whether they have voted or not. Furthermore, I distinguish between expectations concerning the partner, family, friends, and neighbours. Results suggest that respondents who expect others to vote are themselves more likely to vote, but I find no evidence that disapproval and visibility are related to turnout in everyday life.     

新世纪中国语言权研究——现状分析与前景展望

语言权作为法律语言学与人权研究共同关注的新课题,在步入新世纪之后,开始进入中国法学界的视野,并取得一定研究成果。但总体而言,语言权问题尚未受到主流法学家的重视,也并未形成系统、有规模的研究态势,但是,在经历了人云亦云的短暂繁荣后,目前已经有研究热情迅速消退的迹象。因此,时下很有必要对语言权研究做一个阶段性的总结与分析。总结成果、展望未来,并借世界法哲学大会在中国召开的契机,以重塑对语言权研究的热情与信心。     

国际化背景下我国外语教育的发展战略

在21世纪国际化背景下,科学规划国家教育战略具有必要性和重要性。该文在解析外语教育战略内涵的基础上,对我国外语教育所面临的问题进行分析,同时探索相应发展战略。期望本研究为我国外语教育发展提供一定思路和启示。     

焦虑--影响外语学习的重要情感因素之一

焦虑作为重要的情感因素之一在外语学习中产生着非常重要的影响。国内外很多学者对焦虑及外语学习焦虑进行了研究。外语学习焦虑有正、负两方面影响,其外在表现是焦虑的一般表现,但也有其特殊表现。