More women in the Tanzanian legislature: Do numbers matter?

This study examines the changes that followed the rise in the number of female parliamentarians in the Tanzanian legislature and the contextual factors undermining the potential power of the increased number of female MPs. As found in a number of other countries, with more women in parliament, women's interests, concerns and perspective have been better incorporated into parliamentary debates and policy-making in Tanzania. However, the increase in female parliamentary representation challenges the existence of the special-seat system that helped women reach a large minority. The effectiveness of female MPs in Tanzania will improve only with a stronger legislature and a sturdier opposition. If the special-seat system is to remain, a new selection mechanism that allows direct cross-party competition among special-seat candidates should be considered to bring better qualified women into parliament.     

Study on Large Shareholders and Corporate Governance

On the subject of large shareholders and corporate governance under multiple shareholders structure, this paper conducts a systematic review and comments on the multiple large shareholders, the check and balance ownership between them and the relation between them. The results show that firstly, the reason of imbalance of the check and balance ownership in the multiple large shareholder structure is the cognitive confusion of “relationship of large shareholders”; secondly, consideration of the governance of microcosmic body, particularly the second largest shareholder is an effective breakthrough point to balance the check and balance ownership.     

大型社会活动安保工作市场化运行机制探讨

随着社会经济的发展,国际间交往的扩大,大型社会活动与日俱增,而公众对大型社会活动的安全问题也日益关注。随着市场经济体制的建立与完善、政府职能的转变,公共安全服务领域允许企业进入并提供多样化的安全服务。目前我国在大型社会活动安保工作市场化运行中存在着一些问题,应从完善立法、风险转移、建立专业保安力量以及公安机关监督、指导等方面进行探讨,构建大型社会活动安保工作市场化运行机制。     

Forensic DNA Analysis of Wheat Flour as Commonly Used in White Powder Cases

In the wake of terrorist attacks using anthrax and ricin, white powder is often encountered in cases of malicious mischief and terrorist threats. Wheat flour is a common white powder encountered in such criminal investigations. We used DNA analysis to investigate wheat flour samples for identification and discrimination as trace evidence. Species identification of commercially available wheat flour was carried out by sequencing a partial region of the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large subunit gene (rbcL). Samples were discriminated using short tandem repeat (STR) analysis. The rbcL sequences of all wheat flour samples were identical and showed a high level of similarity to known wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) sequences. Furthermore, flours had characteristic patterns in STR analyses, with specific cultivars showing distinctive patterns. These results suggested that the identification of wheat flour species is possible using rbcL sequencing, and that STR analysis is useful for discriminating between samples.     

18—19世纪中叶哈萨克汗国与帝俄的关系

18世纪，俄国加快了对哈萨克草原的蚕食。它采取三项措施：一是使哈萨克诸部臣服于俄国；二是在哈萨克草原上建筑要塞；三是推行所谓“民政建制”。19世纪上半叶，俄国完成了对哈萨克的征服，将其纳入俄国版图。     

政府主导的大型居住社区治理研究——以上海泗泾新凯社区为例

大型居住社区是在政府主导下形成的新型社区,是城市化快速发展的产物。该类型社区的迁入居民脱离了原有的组织体系,融入新构建的组织体系中,如何实现社区居民融合,促进社区自我治理都是大型居住社区治理面临的问题,这需要以政府为主导建立社区治理多元机制,在社区治理角色、治理方式、治理功能等方面实现职能的调整与转变。     

Implementation and Validation of the Teleshake Unit for DNA IQ™ Robotic Extraction and Development of a Large Volume DNA IQ™ Method

Abstract: Automated platforms used for forensic casework sample DNA extraction need to be versatile to accommodate a wide variety of sample types, thus protocols frequently need modification. In this study, DNA IQ? methods previously developed for the Biomek^® 2000 Automation Workstation were adapted for the Teleshake Unit using normal volumes and all deepwell extraction, and a large volume DNA IQ? method developed. DNA purification without detectable contamination of adjacent reagent blanks is reported in the extraction of tissue samples containing several micrograms of DNA. Sensitivity and contamination studies demonstrated similar performance with the manual organic extraction method for bloodstain dilution samples. Mock casework samples demonstrated the effectiveness of the Teleshake and Teleshake large volume methods. Because of the performance and increased versatility of the DNA IQ? extraction with these modifications, the Teleshake Unit has been implemented in both normal and large volume automated DNA extractions at the Virginia Department of Forensic Science.     

大调解格局下的诉调对接

诉调对接是一种独具特色的解决矛盾纠纷的模式。它表现为诉讼和人民调解在地点、人员、管理、经费、受案范围、”程序、效力等方面的衔接,主要是使人民法院（或法庭）接手的某些纠纷通过人民调解的方式得到有效解决。诉调对接模式是构建我国“大调解格局”的要求,它适应了我国的现状,能有力地化解矛盾、促进和谐。为实现社会和谐,就要在处理好诉调对接制度和法治的关系的基础上,实现诉调对接的进一步制度化,大力推广诉调对接模式。     

西部大开发中的城乡结构与城市化发展

在西部大开发的战略性基点上 ,具有核心意义的问题不是区域经济问题而是民族发展问题。西部少数民族问题与农民问题的交织 ,使城乡结构调整与城市化发展成为实现西部大开发战略意义的最基本和最迫切的问题。应突破以往的城市化思路和模式 ,以制度创新作为整个战略选择的基点并把中等城市的发展作为主攻方向 ,才能真正实现西部大开发的战略性意义     

用远距离截流解决交通阻塞问题的设想

文章设想用公安交通指挥中心设置的交通电视监控系统所获取的路况信息 ,在交通主干线的主要路口设置大屏幕显示设备 ,由交通指挥中心及时发布问题路段路况信息 ,以便使驾驶员们及时掌握路况信息 ,选择最佳行驶路线 ,自动实现交通远距离截流 ,解决、预防城市道路交通阻塞问题 ,实现城市道路交通的畅通。