中国省际制造业收敛与省际经济增长分异研究——来自部门生产率增长与跨部门资源再分配的视角

文章将生产率增长分解为部门内生产率的增长和部门间资源的重新配置，分析造成中国省际制造业收敛而整体经济增长分异的原因。研究发现：服务业部门在省际间的发散是导致整体经济不收敛的关键原因，但不是全部原因；尽管制造业的生产率在省际间是收敛的，但是由于制造业劳动力加速转出，导致制造业收敛对整体经济的收敛作用被产业结构的变迁削弱了；从农业流出的劳动力进入服务业和非制造业部门，而不是劳动生产率更高的制造业部门，产业结构变迁对整体经济增长的实质拉动作用受到限制。     

Editor’s Note

Envisioning a well-ordered society composed of filial subjects who obeyed the law, avoided disputes, shunned religious heresy, paid their taxes, and peacefully engaged in agriculture, the Kangxi emperor’s “Sacred Edict of Sixteen Maxims” (圣谕十六条) has often been considered a declaration of the alien Qing dynasty’s Confucian bona fides. While the rhetoric of the pronouncement echoed traditional moral values, the political acumen of the Qing rulers was readily apparent in the eighth maxim, “explain the laws to warn the ignorant and obstinate.” Melding moral and legal education, the eighth maxim specifically endorsed the efficacy of the law. The importance placed on legal knowledge was abundantly clear in one of the earliest commentaries, which explained all sixteen maxims with examples of applicable legal guidelines. Thus, the “Sacred Edict” was a shrewd maneuver that endorsed traditional moral values, but it also foreshadowed a “legislative turn” in the Qing rule that was discernible in the evolving ethos of criminal justice. Despite the extensive efforts to propagate the “Sacred Edict,” violent crime was on the rise in the Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong reigns. When transformation through moral “teaching and cultivation” (jiaoyang 教养) failed to alleviate social conflict, Qing rulers reconsidered and revised the established practice of criminal justice and the existing concept of criminal behavior. By the end of the eighteenth century, the effort to stem the tide of violent crime relied less on ideological exhortation and more on legislation that articulated harsh punishments. This “legislative turn” in Qing criminal justice resulted in an aggressive policy of deterrence that facilitated the greater use of capital punishment.     

多维社会资本交融与近代女性公益组织的生发——以清末广州“公益女学堂”为例

与既往对晚清公益的研讨多限于男性组织的研究不同,本文选择广州“ 公益女学堂”作为个案,发现当时投身公益的晚清女性,绝大多数出自绅商阶层。正是基于地缘、学缘和阶层等交往形成的关系型社会资本和基于同道中人的理解、欣赏和信任而产生的认知型社会资本,在同一群亲友型志士群体中深度交融,为当时不被主流社会所容的有志女性生产出一个相对自由包容的“平行世界” ———既是女性公益事业生发之初最现成的组织依托,又是其存续和发展最关键的抗风险系统。本文遂提出多维社会资本交融的观点,来解释中国女性近代公益组织的生发机制。事实上,这样一种集多层次社会资本为一体的亲友型志士网络广泛存在于近代中国变革的肌理之中,尚有待于未来更多深化和拓展。     

明末清初回族汉译阿文经典活动与回族民族意识的觉醒

回族汉译阿文经典是明末清初在经堂教育兴起后,江南回族中具有学贯回、儒、释、道的学者适应回族社会发展需要而兴起的"以儒诠经"活动,对回族自身发展以及回族宗教文化的提升都产生了重要的影响,可以说是回族形成之后民族意识的第一次觉醒。     

Institutional Reform and Social Changes in Northeast China During the Late Qing: A Case Study of Appeal Trials

Institutional reform and social changes in northeast China during the late Qing period are usually attributed to the Qing dynasty changing its policy on immigration to northeast China. However, institutional reform because of debt appeals between civilian creditors and the Mongolian princes is often overlooked. Using administrative cases from Fengtian Governor Archives and Kirin Prefecture Archives, this study identifies how the governor officers of northeast China changed Mongolian land rights and official finance institutions through appeal judgments in the late Qing dynasty. Appeals were related to Mongolian land rights reform and promoted the financial institutional reform in northeast China. This study concludes by arguing that the judgments affected the profits of the litigants and changed the local society.     

北宋前期招抚吐蕃简论

北宋前期,宋廷对吐蕃的招抚发生于宋、夏、蕃三者错综复杂的争夺形势之中。北宋对吐蕃的招抚具有军事、经济、政治综合经制的鲜明特点,"抚而有之"收到了一定的效果。但是,宋王朝招抚吐蕃所具有的时代与阶级的局限性却规定着宋蕃关系发展的最终走向。     

宋代司法鉴定的历史渊源及发展

我国古代法律的发展在唐代达到了一个高峰,司法鉴定技术广泛运用于审判实践。宋朝在唐朝的基础上,将法医检验制度推向了一个新的高度,以法医检验为核心的司法鉴定在宋朝的审判中得到了更为普遍的运用。也正因为如此,有着显著特点的宋代司法鉴定技术在我国古代司法制度中占有举足轻重的地位。     

论清代命案初验之运作

本文以白描的手法勾勒了清代命案发生后,初次检验的运作情况。从中可以看出,清代的检验运作总体上是严谨的,由于官僚体制、诉讼模式等的不同,其呈现出与今日不同的面相。由于审验合一的特性,清代的检验在命案审理中之地位远较今日重要,检验是理解清代命案诉讼的一把锁匙。     

宗法宗族制度下明清时期的妇女婚姻生活

明清时期,宗法宗族制度对妇女婚姻生活的消极作用比较大,主要在婚前剥夺女子受教育权利;婚约的缔结主要从宗族利益考虑;婚后生活受到夫权、族权的严格控制;强迫妇女守节等方面有所表现.积极作用主要表现为提倡男婚女嫁轻钱财,重人品;反对索取重聘厚奁,嫌贫易富,操办奢靡,讲求排场等陋俗;严禁溺杀女婴.     

在晚清思想界的黄宗羲

明末清初的黄宗羲是位著作宏富、思想深邃的学者.但直至其殁后二百余年,他的思想才在晚清发生实际影响.透过其时人们对黄氏学术的不同评述,可以更深切地了解和认识晚清社会与思想.