明代东南亚华商经营之道探微

明代,尤其是16世纪以后,中国人开始大规模地往东南亚地区经商和移民,至清初以前,东南亚各地华人华侨的职业以经商为主,商贾小贩和亦工亦商的手工匠人是其主体.他们凭借自身的辛勤努力和卓越的商业智慧赢得了事业的成功,并极大推动了当地商品经济的发展.因此,了解明代东南亚华商的经营活动及其经营之道,是了解海外华人开拓史的基础,本文即对此作一粗疏探讨.     

大清刑律草案签注考论

1907年大清刑律草案签注是研究《大清刑律》和"礼法之争"不可或缺的重要资料.本文利用诸多历史文献,对1908—1909年之间,中央部院、地方督抚的签注做了系统梳理,考证其文献来源、整理要点、上呈过程和表现形式,澄清以往研究中不清楚甚至错误的地方,辨析了签注的形成过程及其中的倾向性意见,分析了签注在《大清刑律》制定中影响和作用有限的原因.1907年大清刑律草案作为沈家本在法律领域贯彻"思想革命"的代表作,其得失是与政治领域的立宪运动同步的,由签注所引发的"礼法之争"的本质不是中西、新旧之争,而是法律领域"改良还是革命"的"主义"之争.1907年大清刑律草案既与中国自身的状况相脱节,也不符合法律自身的演进规律,是一次有着严重缺陷的立法实践.     

宋僧石溪心月与日僧无象静照交往考

日本禅僧无象静照于南宋淳祐十二年(1252)来华,咸淳元年(1265)归国。在华前四年在浙江杭州径山寺参禅,住持石溪心月对他悉心指导,帮助他实现开悟。静照最终嗣法心月。归国后,静照牢记心月教诲,开创禅寺,宣扬禅法,为禅宗扎根日本不遗余力。     

Negotiating power and authority in the desert: the Arab Bedouin and the limits of the Ottoman state in Hijaz, 1840–1908

This article explores the techniques and strategies used by Ottoman authorities to control the Bedouin with a specific focus on the province of Hijaz between 1840 and 1908. Using primary sources from the Ottoman and British archives, it argues that the Ottoman Empire developed a ‘politics of negotiation’ towards the tribes in its attempt to secure cities and major pilgrimage and trade routes against tribal attack. The principal agents of the empire who made this negotiated governance possible were the amir of Mecca and the governor of Hijaz. As a result of this policy, imperial authorities had to give significant concessions to the tribes, and they thus incorporated them into the province's imperial order. When the Ottoman economy went through a crisis, as in the 1900s, negotiated governance and order faced great problems.     

清后期“西学中源”论中“以子证西”的两面性及其命运

嘉道以后,学者们纷纷从先秦诸子中挖掘材料,论证“中学”与“西学”的关系,这成为当时国人认识“西学”的重要途径。在“以子证西”的过程中,有人通过论证“西学”与“中学”相通,主张国人应该学习“西学”;有人则认为“西学”既然源自“中学”,那就不必再去学习“西学”“。以子证西”的论证模式曾经起过“沟通中西”的作用,但在清末因其牵强附会而日渐被抛弃,思想界逐步走向了“超胜”中西的新道路。     

中国本土思想中的情感与真实--对葛瑞汉和汉森的回应

在汉代以前的中国思想中,"情"的意义到底如何,它与"真实"、"情感"等概念有何关系,是西方汉学家长期关注的一个问题.以葛瑞汉和汉森为代表的西方汉学家,认为汉之前"情"在中国思想中意为真实,而"情感"的涵义源于佛教的传入.这种依托西方二元对立理性思维方式的分析,是对中国思想传统的一种误解.中国思想强调主客、内外之间的和谐互补,在这种语境中,"情感"与"真实"的意义在"情"中是内在联系的.     

Using an evolutionary perspective to understand the relationship between physical aggression and academic performance in late adolescents

In this study, we applied an evolutionary perspective to analyze the relationship between aggressiveness, academic performance, and sociality in a population of 528 adolescents of both sexes. In men, we expect physical aggression (PA) and sociality to be negative predictors of academic performance. However, in women, PA would be a negative predictor of academic performance, and sociality a positive one. Our results report a negative association between academic performance and PA in both sexes. As we expected, social effect derived from the use of PA seems to be different for each sex, where men could display a rebellious attitude to increase chances of finding a mate. In contrast, results for women are not conclusive, because no relationship between academic performance and any aggressive mechanism, were predicted by sociality. We conclude that an evolutionary framework, which includes sex-specific hypotheses, is appropriate to obtain a holistic perspective of this phenomenon.     

秦汉盗罪及其立法沿革

将张家山汉简《盗律》与相关文献记载相结合 ,通过汉《盗律》与唐律的比较 ,可以看到秦汉时期各种类型的盗罪的特点及相关立法 ,《盗律》的沿革轨迹也是清晰可见。