穴位注射不同药物对佐剂性关节炎大鼠的镇痛作用

目的：观察穴位注射不同药物对佐剂性关节炎大鼠镇痛作用，并探讨其机制，方法：Wistar雄性大鼠42只随机分为正常对照组、佐剂性关节炎模型组（模型组）、穴侠注射复方当归注射液组、穴位注射丹参注射液组、穴位注射正清风痛宁注射液组、穴位注射蜂毒注射液组，取右后肢足三里、昆仑、双侧肾俞穴、以痛阈、肿胀度、5－羟色胺（5－HT）、前列腺素E2（PGE2）、多巴胺（DA）为观测指标。结果：4种药物穴位注射均有疗效，其中峰毒注射液和当归注射液在提高痛阈，降低炎症局部组织5－HT、PGE2含量方面优于其他两组，而DA的含量在各组之间无显性差异，结论：穴位注射蜂毒注射液和复方当归注射液对佐剂性关节炎镇痛作用较好。     

Rapid Separation of Organophosphate Pesticides using Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography and Short‐end Injection,

Organophosphate (OP) pesticides are highly toxic substances and are frequently represented as poisons. In order to qualify and quantify the selected OP pesticides (methyl paraoxon, ethyl paraoxon, methyl parathion, fenitrothion, and ethyl parathion), micellar electrokinetic chromatography and short‐end injection were investigated. This is the first time that this combination has been used to separate OP pesticides. A capillary with 8.5 cm effective length was used, and the analytes were separated within 2.1 min. Separation conditions including buffer (type, pH, and concentration), sodium dodecyl sulfate concentration, and separation voltage were optimized. The limit of detection (LOD) was estimated in the range of 10–20 μM. The OP pesticides spiked in artificial saliva and drinking water gave superior peak profiles, and good average recoveries 95.6% and 62.3%, respectively. Overall, a rapid method with excellent resolution and efficiency was developed and successfully applied in the analysis of potential sample matrixes.     

Z穴位注射丹参注射液治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病缓解期34例

目的 观察穴位注射丹参注射液治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD）缓解期的临床疗效。方法 将68例COPD缓解期患者随机单盲分为治疗组34例及对照组34例,治疗组在常规综合治疗基础上加用丹参注射液穴位注射（选穴：定喘、肺俞、肾俞、脾俞、足三里）,每周1次,3个月为1个疗程;对照组采用常规综合治疗,治疗3个月。两组患者均在治疗前后使用COPD评估测试（COPD assessment test TM,CAT）进行评分,并检测第1秒用力肺活量(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV1)及其占预计值的百分比(FEV1%)、FEV1与用力肺活量（forced vital capacity,FVC）的比值（FEV1／FVC）,及检测血液T细胞亚群（CD4+、CD8+、CD4+/CD8+）的变化情况。 结果 治疗后治疗组CAT评分显著低于对照组（P<0.01）;CD4+ T细胞百分比、CD4+/CD8+比值显著高于对照组(P<0.05,或P<0.01),CD8+ T细胞百分比显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。治疗后治疗组FEV1、FEV1%、FEV1／FVC显著高于对照组（P<0.01）。结论 在常规治疗基础上穴位注射丹参注射液可以改善COPD缓解期患者生活质量,改善肺通气功能,提高患者免疫力。     

Necrotizing fasciitis: manifestations, microbiology and connection with black tar heroin

A 10-year review of records of the King County Medical Examiner's Office found 87 deaths due to necrotizing fasciitis and related necrotizing soft tissue infections. In 64 of these cases there were sufficient details to provide an analysis of the manifestations, microbiology, and source of infection. One half (32) of the cases were due to injection of black tar heroin, the nearly exclusive form of heroin in the Northwest United States. Of those due to black tar injection, 24 were clostridial infections with various species represented, eight of which were Clostridium sordellii. Of the 32 cases not associated with drug injection, streptococcal species predominated, with Streptococcus pyogenes isolated in 14 cases. Only three of 32 cases not associated with injection drug use were clostridial infections. These differences were statistically significant. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 14 cases; two were methicillin-resistant strains. Overall, 28 of the 64 cases were polymicrobial infections, 15 due to black tar injection and 13 not associated with drug injection. This study supports the conclusion that necrotizing fasciitis due to black tar heroin injection is predominantly a clostridial disease, and in this way differs significantly from necrotizing fasciitis due to other causes.     

Anaphylaxis After the Injection of Buprenorphine

Cause of death rulings in cases when the concentration of a drug or drugs is higher than observed following therapeutic use are generally straightforward “drug deaths.” However, when toxicology testing identifies drug concentrations consistent with therapeutic use or detects no drugs at all, then the cause of death determination is more complicated. Given the rapidity and protean manifestations of anaphylaxis, it should be considered in deaths where no other cause of death is apparent in a suspected drug death. This article reports two cases where an anaphylactic reaction was observed following either the actual or alleged use of therapeutic formulations of buprenorphine intravenously.     

复方蒲公英对金黄色葡萄球菌耐药质粒的体外消除试验

通过以复方蒲公英注射液为消除剂、十二烷基硫酸钠为对照组消除剂,以从患有乳腺炎乳牛的乳汁中分离的多重耐药菌株为靶细菌进行耐药质粒体外消除试验,用质粒DNA抽提与琼脂糖凝胶电泳方法观察复方蒲公英注射液对该耐药菌株质粒的影响,探讨了复方蒲公英注射液作为消除剂的可能性。结果显示,复方蒲公英注射液对耐药金黄色葡萄球菌作用24h,其1/2MIC、1/4MIC、1/8MIC的消除率分别为2%、2.6%、3.6%,延长作用时间至48h,其1/2MIC、1/4MIC、1/8MIC的消除率分别为2.8%、3.6%、4.4%。证实,复方蒲公英注射液对金黄色葡萄球菌耐药质粒有消除作用,可用于临床治疗耐药金黄色葡萄球感染。     

参麦注射液对阿霉素中毒心肌细胞脂质过氧化和钙超载的影响

目的：应用阿霉素（ADR）复制新生大鼠心肌细胞中毒模型，观察参麦注射液（SMI）对中毒心肌细胞的保护作用并探讨其机制，方法：将培养72h以后的新生大鼠心肌细胞分为对照组，模型组和SMI保护组，继续培养24h后测定培养基中乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）释放量，细胞内丙二醛（MDA）含量，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力以及细胞内游离钙离子浓度（[Ca^2 ]i)。结果：SMI能够减少ADR中毒心肌细胞LDH释放量，降低细胞内MDA含量和[Ca^2 ]i，同时增强细胞内SOD活力。续集：SMI能够对抗自由基引起的脂质过氧化和逆转细胞内钙超载，从而保护ADR中毒心肌细胞。     

Lethal Injection in Uncharted Territory: The Need to Ensure the Humanity of Current Death Penalty Practices

When lethal injection was first legalized in the late 1970s, many people viewed it as safe, reliable, and humane. Today, however, lethal injection does not always perform as promised. Due to difficulties with sourcing lethal injection drugs, states are utilizing untested lethal injection protocols, with little knowledge or experience to guide them. This article argues that lethal injection reform requires regulation similar to that for human subject research, and that the practice of utilizing untested lethal injection methods comes very close to falling under the federal statutory definition of “human subject research“ formulated in the Common Rule. This article argues further that even if one decides that it does not, the practice of lethal injection today is the type of conduct that the human subject research regulations were designed to correct. Moreover, society has an interest in ensuring that executions are conducted in a way that reduces pain and suffering to the lowest extent possible. As such, lethal injection ought to receive further review and oversight to ensure that it comports with reasonable notions of humanity.     

丹参注射液体外对格列喹酮血浆蛋白结合率的影响

目的 考察丹参注射液体外对格列喹酮血浆蛋白结合率的影响。方法 采用平衡透析法和高效液相色谱法,分别在有无丹参注射液的情况下对格列喹酮血浆蛋白结合率进行测定。结果 格列喹酮高浓度（12.6 μg/mL）、中浓度（6.3 μg/mL）、低浓度（1.26 μg/mL）的血浆蛋白结合率差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。在含有高浓度（750 mg/mL）、中浓度（375 mg/mL）、低浓度（75 mg/mL）丹参注射液时,格列喹酮（12.6 μg/mL）的血浆蛋白结合率分别为（82.6±3.11）%、（87.3±9.80）%、（92.6±4.21）%。在含有高浓度丹参注射液时,格列喹酮血浆蛋白结合率显著降低（P＜0.05）。结论 在临床剂量下,丹参注射剂不会影响格列喹酮血浆蛋白结合率。     

参附注射液辅助伽玛刀治疗恶性肿瘤41例

目的 探讨参附注射液在伽玛刀治疗恶性肿瘤中的辅助作用。方法 选取经解放军第81医院收治的82例恶性肿瘤患者,将其随机分成2组,治疗组采用参附注射液联合伽玛刀治疗,对照组采用单纯伽玛刀治疗,比较两组临床疗效、毒性和不良反应等。结果 两组实体瘤疗效分布比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。治疗组患者生活质量改善优于对照组（P<0.05）。与治疗前比较,治疗后对照组补体C3水平显著降低（P<0.05）, 治疗组补体C3和补体C4水平均显著升高（P<0.05）;治疗组治疗后补体C3水平显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。与治疗前比较,对照组治疗后CD4+ T细胞亚群百分比显著升高（P<0.05）,治疗组CD3+、CD4+ T细胞亚群百分比和CD4+/CD8+均显著升高（P<0.05）,CD8+ T细胞亚群百分比显著降低（P<0.05）。治疗组治疗前后CD3+ T细胞亚群百分比和CD4+/CD8+升高值以及CD8+ T细胞亚群百分比降低值显著大于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗组在降低白细胞介素-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α水平方面优于对照组。治疗组在防治放射治疗引起外周血白细胞、血红蛋白和血小板减少方面明显优于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异具有统计学意义（χ2=9.59,P=0.002）,治疗组不良反应发生率明显低于对照组。结论 参附注射液能减轻伽玛刀对机体的毒性和不良反应,改善患者免疫功能,提高患者的生活质量。