我国恐怖主义犯罪与普通刑事犯罪冲突研究

由于我国《刑法》对恐怖主义犯罪没有明确的法律界定,导致与相关普通刑事犯罪在法律适用上产生冲突,给司法实务中的定罪与量刑工作带来了很大的不便,也不利于对恐怖主义犯罪的惩治和预防。因此,论述恐怖主义犯罪与相关普通刑事犯罪之间的冲突、分析冲突产生的原因、提出解决冲突的具体对策具有重大的理论和实践意义。     

Simplicity and Spook: Terrorism and the Dynamics of Threat Exaggeration

It has been common, at least since 1945, to exaggerate and to overreact to foreign threats, something that seems to be continuing with current concerns over international terrorism. This paper sketches threat exaggeration during the Cold War and applies the experience from that era to the current one. Alarmism and overreaction can be harmful, particularly economically. And, in the case of terrorism, it can help create the damaging consequences the terrorists seek but are unable to perpetrate on their own. Moreover, many of the forms alarmism has taken verge on hysteria. The United States is hardly "vulnerable" in the sense that it can be toppled by dramatic acts of terrorist destruction, even extreme ones. The country can, however grimly, readily absorb that kind of damage, and it has outlasted considerably more potent threats in the past.     

Guantánamo Bay: Towards Legality?

This article outlines the US Supreme Court's approach to the habeas corpus entitlements of suspected terrorists detained in Guantánamo Bay and argues for the extension of constitutional habeas corpus rights to them. The article considers two ways in which the Supreme Court might carry out this task: first, 'the territorial approach' (based on domestic legal principles of 'unincorporated territories' and principles of leasehold), and secondly, 'the extraterritorial approach' (based on international purposive approaches to the reach of human rights treaties exemplified by the European Court of Human Rights' Article 1 jurisprudence). For reasons of effectiveness of protection, the Article expresses a clear preference for the latter. The House of Lords decision in R (Al-Skeini) v Secretary of State for Defence (2007) is proposed as a template for such a development. Finally the article refutes arguments rejecting such a development based on the 'trade-off thesis' and perceptions of judicial competence.     

国际反恐联合侦查研究

面对日益猖獗的国际恐怖主义犯罪,国家之间只有实施联合侦查,才能够及时、有效地侦破此类案件。在联合侦查过程中,合作各方应严格遵守订立的协定,在国际和国内法律许可的范围内,积极选择各种有效的途径和方法,密切合作,共同开展侦查行动。针对联合侦查实施中的各种阻碍因素,我国立法和司法实践应采取务实的态度,作出立法调整和司法观念的转变,建立适应国际趋势的联合侦查制度。     

海上反恐与国际海运安全制度研究

海上恐怖主义是具有政治目的的海上恐怖组织或海上恐怖分子以暴力手段,从事危害海洋安全,危害船舶以及船上财产和人命安全,危害港口设施安全的恐怖活动。海上恐怖主义和海盗行为之间存在很大区别,同时又有着密切联系。美国"9.11事件"后,国际社会尤其是国际组织对恐怖主义活动给予了前所未有的重视,纷纷制定国际条约和国际协定以打击国际恐怖主义活动,在海运反恐立法方面,国际海事组织、世界海关组织、国际劳工组织等的反恐国际安排具有一定的代表性,构成了国际海运安全制度的主要内容。我国作为海运大国,同样面临海上恐怖主义威胁,因此我国亦有必要加强国际合作,重构海运反恐立法格局。     

Free Expression,Pre‐Crime and Counter‐Terrorism Legislation

This article examines the Counter‐Terrorism and Border Security Act 2019 and how this new piece of legislation undermines fundamental human rights, including those protected in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). It considers in particular how the new act criminalises behaviour with a wide sweep, to include behaviour that is not in itself criminal, but might be indicative of future criminal intent. As a result, the act restricts the right to freedom of speech and to liberty in a manner that is neither necessary nor proportionate.     

Terrorism,violence against the public,and the media: The Australian approach

This paper examines the balance between the apparently competing objectives of government and the media in the general area of violence against the public and details the Australian model for handling issues associated with terrorism and the media. Australia's counterterrorism strategy may be considered holistic, going beyond the idea of a comprehensive capability for response to an actual public incident to include preventive measures and enhancement of the national security environment, suggesting that all elements of the society, including the media, regard security as a cooperative endeavor. These elements have been developed in the “National Anti‐Terrorist Plan” (NATP), developed by Australia's Standing Advisory Committee on Commonwealth/State Cooperation for Prevention against Violence (SAC‐PAV). For the past several years, the SAC‐PAV has been developing a basic strategic guide to provide structure for its many activities, and the committee has agreed that the NATP requires a fourfold strategy for dealing with the media: (1) public communication policies and guidelines, (2) incorporating media response and incident management strategies, (3) media training, and (4) physical controls. In addition, the SAC‐PAV has formulated a set of guidelines for the media to apply when covering terrorist incidents, indicating clearly what crisis managers and counterterrorism response organizations expect of media handling of public crises.     

略论反恐多边条约的国内实施

国际恐怖(主义)犯罪是目前日炽的一种国际犯罪,国际社会非常重视对恐怖(主义)犯罪的惩治、预防和打击,缔结了一系列反恐多边条约。反恐多边条约的实施主要是缔约国的实施(即国内层面上的实施),可以分为直接实施和间接实施两种模式。反恐多边条约的国内实施于惩治和预防国际恐怖主义犯罪发挥了重要作用。反恐多边条约在我国得到了很好的实施,但在实施过程中仍存在某些弊端或不足,亟须完善,关键是要尽快制定一部专门的反恐特别法。     

构建中国反恐怖法律体系

美国9.11恐怖事件发生后,恐怖主义活动给世界造成的极大危害,已经引起国际社会和各国公众的广泛关注,如何预防和打击恐怖主义成为当今社会的一个重要课题。在预防和打击恐怖主义的各种方法中,法律手段不容忽视。目前中国反恐怖立法比较分散,因此,有必要统一中国的反恐怖立法,构建中国反恐怖法律体系。     

关于"恐怖主义"的定义

关于什么是“恐怖主义”,各国立法有些有多种规定,有些未作规定,学者也是众说纷纭,莫衷一是,国际社会也未能在“恐怖主义”定义方面达成共识。究竟为什么给“恐怖主义”下定义如此不易?是否必须给其下定义呢?又如何给“恐怖主义”下定义?作为反恐法律制定和研究的起点,这些都是反恐理论与实践皆无法回避的问题。