Profiling candidate images in televised political spot advertisements for 1984: Roles and realities of presidential jousters at the height of the Reagan Era

Continued growth in the use of televised political spot advertisements in presidential campaigns justifies the increasing attention given to analyzing the role and content of such messages in the larger political system. The 1984 campaign offered a unique opportunity for theorists to investigate the potential for such messages either to reflect accurate images of candidates, or to evoke more dissonant themes between the images of candidates fabricated for the electorate, and the substantive candidates those images are intended to represent. This study analyzed the character attributes presented for ten presidential hopefuls in 201 televised spots, produced for 1984's primary and general election campaigns, and finds that while political spots can offer accurate portrayals of presidential candidates, the role of such messages can be nullified by perceived dissonance in the images they convey about their subjects.     

A rational jurisdiction for cyber terrorism

Cyberspace is a cross-national world that transcends geopolitical national borders. Jurisdiction is the focal point for any dispute arising in the international arena, because it determines which state court has the authority to settle a dispute. The objective of this paper is to analyse territorial and universal jurisdiction principles which can be specifically related to cyberspace to determine which of them is best suited to providing the appropriate jurisdiction in combating cyber terrorism and how conflicts arising between them can be settled. The transnational nature of cyber terrorism offences leads to jurisdictional complexity, thereby investigation and prosecution is difficult. Lack of harmonisation in legislating among countries leads to difficulty in investigation and prosecution of cyber terrorism offences. This paper notes that universal jurisdiction is the most feasible and effective method to deter cyber terrorism.     

海上恐怖主义犯罪和海盗犯罪中的普遍管辖权与登临权

海上恐怖主义犯罪和海盗犯罪在实体上尽管有着相同的一面,但从犯罪学和国际法两个层面考察可知,两者应是不同类型的犯罪。然而,海上恐怖主义犯罪和海盗犯罪实体特征的差别不应影响对两者在某些方面的统一规制。基于海上恐怖主义犯罪和海盗犯罪都是人类公敌这一基本前提和基于这一基本前提所衍生出的两者的共同社会属性,对于海上恐怖主义犯罪可以如同海盗犯罪一样,适用绝对的普遍管辖权和相同的登临权。与此同时,在国际刑事司法协助和刑事规制技术方面,对两者也可以一并对待。     

伊斯兰世界U型认同与恐怖组织类型关联性研究

自“阿拉伯之春”以降,伊斯兰极端主义日益成为全球非传统安全研究领域的主要议题。以往的研究已经注意到极端宗教思想对“一失败,即溃散”的弥散型恐怖主义之影响,但对于弥散型恐怖主义生成根源、传播路径与扩散范围却没有形成系统性的区分与探讨。基于对伊斯兰文明圈核心区域、半边缘区域和边缘区域在宗教地位、部族影响、民族国家认同与区域权力结构四种因素的区分,在伊斯兰文明核心区域容易形成向外围单向辐射的跨国弥散型恐怖主义;而在伊斯兰文明边缘区域容易接受来自文明核心区域的影响并成为伊斯兰极端主义扩张工具与动员手段。半边缘区域因地缘上的过渡性和宗教上的亚文明特征而介于两者之间。“一带一路”倡议途径广大的伊斯兰国家,为确保中国海外投资安全,在伊斯兰文明核心区和半边缘区域应该注重发展同当地部族关系,而在边缘区则需要强化政府间官方合作。     

关于反对国际恐怖主义的若干国际法问题研究

反对恐怖主义的实践包含了很多值得研究的国际法问题 ,特别是以下问题 :恐怖主义的定义 ;反恐对传统国际性框架的影响 ;联合国在反恐中的法律地位 ,这些问题似乎显得格外突出 ,急需我们去思考和研究。     

Re-visioning the “Eye in the Sky”: targeted drone strikes and an ethics of the encounter

ABSTRACT

The complexities which beset any attempts to ascribe a foundational ethic to matters of a political stripe are well known, and continue to provoke fierce debate within studies of international relations, geopolitics and security studies. Unsurprisingly, these questions have taken on crucial import within the sub-field of critical terrorism studies (CTS), as authors grapple with the range of counter-terrorism, counter-radicalisation and counter-extremism practices enacted by the Western state as part of an ongoing ‘War on Terror.’ And while much of this scholarship has been invaluable in problematizing the concept of ‘terrorism’ per se, normative questions have proven somewhat more elusive. Through a reading of the film Eye in the Sky, along with its take on the controversial counter-terrorism practice of targeted drone assassinations, this article reiterates the case for an ethical approach which takes radical difference as the basis for any engagement with the Other. Moreover, and following international relations authors of a poststructuralist lineage, it will be argued that supplementing Levinasian ethics with Derridean deconstruction can open up new and useful ways of approaching such seemingly intractable ethical conundrums.     

汽车炸弹恐怖犯罪特征及新态势

汽车炸弹恐怖犯罪是以车辆为爆炸物载体,为了达成某种政治目标或恐怖效果而经常采取的一种犯罪行为。其表现出制作技术简单、容易隐蔽,难于发现、杀伤力大,破坏性强、袭击目标、地点不确定、爆炸影响面广的特征。目前这类犯罪呈现地域分布全球化、恐怖分子本土化、数量上升、多点连环爆炸态势明显、高科技倾向逐渐显现的新态势。     

我国反恐怖主义立法完善研讨

恐怖主义本质上是一种思想、理念,但是恐怖主义外化为行为而成为法律调控的对象,法律可以通过预防、处置、制裁和恢复等环节对恐怖主义行为进行有效规制。我国的反恐怖主义立法是由相关法律、行政法规和部门规章所共同建构的,在刑法等法律中还存在专门的反恐怖主义内容。但是,我国反恐怖主义立法尚存在内容上的缺憾,宪法中应确立反对恐怖主义之明确依据。同时进行专门的反恐怖主义立法,并形成“以宪法为依据,以反恐怖法为主导,诸法配合”的反恐怖主义立法新格局。     

Dimensions of security

Abstract

The Arab uprisings’ failure to bring about either the scale or type of political change in the Maghreb that it initially seemed to promise belies the significance of its impact on the region. While Algeria, Mauritania and Morocco continue to be ruled by the same competitive authoritarian regimes that held power when the protests began, they, and the new governments in Tunisia and Libya, must now negotiate an altered and more dangerous security environment than before. The unsettling of Tunisia’s security apparatus and the outbreak of full-blown civil war in Libya have created new opportunities for terror and criminal groups to thrive and expand. The primary aim of this special issue is to chart and explain many of the critical changes in the Maghreb’s security environment that have occurred as a result of the Arab Spring. Each of the articles collected here identifies and analyses at least one important security issue in one or more Maghreb country as well as explain how that issue has emerged in response to or been affected by the Arab Spring.     

How has the Israel National Police perceived its role in counterterrorism and the potential outcomes? A qualitative analysis of annual police reports

Policing terrorism has increased in recent years. Correspondingly, policing scholars and practitioners have begun to consider the potential effects of this responsibility on the performance of the police and their relationship with the public. In this article, we use a qualitative analysis of annual police reports to examine how the Israel National Police perceived its role in counterterrorism and the potential implications. We find different perceptions in different periods and partial acknowledgment of potential outcomes. We consider the views of the police in relation to those of the public, and speculate on the differences between the three examined time periods.