中美公共服务市场化比较及其启示

公共服务市场化是指运用市场化的手段来供给公共服务的一种技术与方法。中美两国公共服务市场化既有共性又有差异性。本文从公共服务市场化的起始时间、直接原动力、社会条件、具体形式选择、运用程度、目标等方面对中美公共服务市场化进行比较分析。研究发现,美国公共服务市场化相对成熟,中国公共服务市场化可以辨证地借鉴美国公共服务市场化的经验与方法。     

俄罗斯剧院运营状况浅析

俄罗斯戏剧艺术在世界舞台上享有极高的声誉。上世纪90年代初,俄罗斯戏剧界曾受苏联解体、经济危机等问题的影响,一度举步维艰。近年来,随着剧院市场化运作机制的日趋成熟、政府对剧院扶持力度不断增强,俄罗斯剧院的运营已经基本步入正轨,重现昔日辉煌。     

Recent interpretations of ideology

The ‘emergence’ of the ‘market’ as the basis of economic and political decision-making has become a main focus of debate within the social sciences since the late 1970s. Even while those opposing the growing centrality of neo-classical economics and market-oriented political discourses remain a significant academic constituency, within their ranks there has been a growing realization that regulatory mechanisms, and in particular the role of the state, have nevertheless been the subject of extensive changes. Alternative schools of thought have argued in terms of the way in which such mechanisms have been refashioned. Regulation has become, in the words of Regini and Majone, ‘transferred’ and the ‘boundaries’ between regulator and regulated ‘changed’: the regulatory process has been seen to shift at the macro/national level and at the micro/enterprise level. While supporting the general argument that it is the boundaries of regulation which are to be discussed, not its presence, we shall nevertheless argue that these changes are, if anything, more contentious and that a set of ironies emerges which politicize regulation even further.     

国家开发银行市场化的法制保障

国家开发银行将从传统的政策性银行向更为市场化的开发性金融机构转型，这一趋势有着充分的理论成因，并已为发达国家的金融实践所验证，也是该行进一步发展的现实需要。预先立法和科学立法是大势所趋。对于前景已然明朗的国家开发银行市场化进程需要较为细致的法律予以规范。应遵循“一行（类）一法”的单独立法原则，着手制定《国家开发银行法》。国家开发银行法是组织法与行为法的有机结合，不仅要对该机构的法律地位、经营目标、组织形式、治理结构等组织法内容做出规定，还要对其经营原则、业务范围和金融监管等行为法内容做出规范。     

从污水处理行业改革看中国公共事业市场化选择

公用事业民营化、市场化是当前世界的一个大趋势。我国的城市公用事业正在进行一场深刻的变革。公用事业的公司制改革是改革的突破口。污水处理行业的市场化改革势在必行。要切实推进城市污水处理项目建设、运营的市场化改革。改革价格机制和管理体制。其中可供借鉴的模式主要有:⒈BOT建造-运营-移交模式;⒉合资模式;⒊PPP模式。     

Informal payments and connections in post-Soviet Kazakhstan

In Soviet times, useful contacts had more value than money, and getting things done through unofficial channels of personal relations was a socially accepted norm. What changes have market reforms brought to Kazakhstan in these areas? This article details the use of informal payments and connections in Almaty and examines why non-monetary exchange of favours is increasingly being replaced by the immediate exchange of cash for assistance. This article argues that urban residents are becoming more inclined to quickly return a favour through cash and evade the lengthy exchanges involved in building reciprocal relationships, a practice widely accepted during Soviet times. This article also focuses on the importance of personal contacts in monetized exchange and demonstrates that cash payment is not a least preferred strategy for those who lack necessary networks. Urban residents in Kazakhstan in fact actively mobilize their personal networks to effectively and securely exchange monetary rewards.     

我国城市环保基础设施运营体制市场化改革新探

从我国现行运营体制与机制的 3大时弊 ,切入市场化改革的势在必行。阐述了理顺“价、费”关系是改革现行运营体制的突破口。提出了逐步建立城市环保基础设施市场化运营体制与机制的措施与建议     

深化行政改革需要深入思考的三个问题

本文讨论新形势下推进我国行政改革深化涉及的三个重大问题。首先是动力机制创新,在对相关理论、国际实践和我国动力机制特征和困境系统分析的基础上,提出动力机制创新的三个转变。其次,针对有关市场化改革的争论,提出并论证了需要反思的不是市场化改革的大方向,而是市场化的具体形式。第三,围绕改革侧重点,提出并论证了机构改革与运作管理改革的合理平衡。     

交易制度改革语境下协议转让功能及其构造

协议转让是以意思自治为本质之资本市场重要证券交易制度,其具有制度生成功能、完善公司治理功能、社会资源整合和配置优化功能、全球化和市场化背景下的经济品质提升和制度发展促进功能.由于我国证券法制的局限和国家政策因素影响,协议转让规则体系存在很大局限性,制度供给不足,违反了平等性要求,法律规定不足和市场机制缺陷交织.这都制约着协议转让功能的发挥.未来要以金融市场化为基础,贯彻利益平衡原则和效率原则,建立符合中国国情和国际法治要求的协议转让制度.     

市场化进程提升了环境规制的有效性吗?——基于绿色技术创新视角的“波特假说”再检验

利用2000-2016年中国省级面板数据,识别了市场化进程、环境规制与绿色技术创新的非线性关系。结果显示:环境规制的绿色技术创新效应在规制类型、规制强度与绿色技术类型方面存在显著的差异性,因此“波特假说”未能得到完全验证;环境规制总体的绿色工艺创新与绿色产品创新效应受到了市场化进程的正向调节。市场激励型环境规制的绿色工艺创新与绿色产品创新效应受到了市场化进程的正向调节,命令控制型环境规制的绿色工艺创新效应受到了市场化进程的正向调节,市场化进程提升了环境规制的有效性,这意味着“波特假说”是“有条件的波特假说”。研究结论说明,各级政府的环境规制政策与规制强度选择,必须与各地区的市场化进程动态适应。