利率市场化与商业银行风险管理

利率市场化进程中的利率风险管理应实行以利率风险为中心的资产负债管理模式 ,确立利率风险管理的基本流程 ,建立利率风险计量模型 ,加快建立和完善产品定价体系 ,大力发展中间业务和表外业务 ,加快金融创新步伐 ,加快建设利率风险管理信息系统。     

国内区域经济发展中的地方政府合作模式比较

为化解区域经济开放性与行政区划封闭性之间的冲突,我国探索出了科层制、市场化和网络化治理三类地方政府合作模式.本文在分析相关资料的基础上,对三种模式的表现形式和各自的利弊进行比较,以期为未来理论界和实务部门探索新的合作模式提供参考.     

Marketization,Class Structure,and Democracy in China: Contrasting Regional Experiences

After two and half decades of market reforms in China, the question of whether reforms have created favourable social conditions for democracy and whether the country's emerging entrepreneurial class will serve as the democratic social base have become hotly debated issues in both academic and policy circles. Based upon an analysis of two regions – Sunan and Wenzhou, the two prototypical local development patterns in China – the article argues that different patterns of economic development have produced distinct local level social and political configurations, only one of which is likely to foster the growth of democratic practices. It suggests that China's political future is largely dependent upon the emerging class structure and class relations that reform and development have produced. If the market reforms and economic development only enrich a few (like the Sunan case), then the possibility of democratic transition will likely be very bleak. Nonetheless, the possibility of a brighter alternative exists, as demonstrated by the Wenzhou case. These arguments thus link China's political transition to critical social conditions, echoing Barrington Moore's influential work on the social origins of democracy and dictatorship.     

Engineers versus managers: experts,market-making and state-building in Putin's Russia

Abstract

Market-making and state-building are mutually reinforcing processes. This paper documents the role played in these processes by two groups of experts in Russia's electricity sector: technical experts and managerially trained experts. I develop two arguments: (1) a shift in the relative power positions of these two groups was a constitutive element of the marketization and liberalization of the electricity sector. The victory of the managerial experts made assets legible and therefore ‘value-able’. (2) the paper demonstrates that the promotion of managerial experts at the expense of technical experts was a deeply political transformation, as it involved the replacement of a well-established, well-connected group of incumbent political actors. More specifically, I show how the promotion of managerial experts at the expense of technical experts helped the federal government of President Putin eliminate one of the main challengers to its ability to regulate economic activity from the centre – regional governors.     

无人武器变革及其对非对称安全关系的影响

新军事变革以来,无人武器在作战体系中发挥越来越显著的作用,得到各国的高度重视。历经百年演进,无人武器已具备侦察跟踪、试探诱骗、精确打击和支援保障四大功能。现有无人武器存在依赖遥控和自主水平低下等问题,这是制约其军事潜力发挥的主要瓶颈。未来,“网络式自主化”将成为无人武器变革的突破方向,带来“全体系”“广覆盖”“快反应”和“强协同”四大优势。叠加无人武器“零伤亡”特性所蕴含的政治影响力,弱者基于“抵消与杀伤”策略的抗争能力将受到质变挑战,同时原有差距会发生量变增大。假如缺乏科技和政治上的有力制衡,在技术垄断与社会变迁的双重影响下,非对称安全关系发生恶性演变的风险将显著增加。在“市场化战争”中,伤亡成本降低导致强权政治缺乏约束,低风险优势鼓励政客做出冒险决策,战争伦理的沦丧扭曲公众对非对称战争的认知,而弱者的极限求生手段还可能造成核扩散等“次生危害”。在西方主导的军备控制合作逐渐式微的背景下,中国需要以总体设计统筹无人武器的研发与实践,积极开发反制技术,并争取主导相关军控提议。     

Marketization as political technology: unintended consequences of climate finance in the Democratic Republic of Congo

Climate finance involves the transfer of money from advanced economies into developing countries in order to contribute to carbon mitigation or climate adaptation efforts while simultaneously advancing poverty alleviation and sustainable development objectives. Dominant carbon mitigation efforts resemble what Michel Callon calls ‘civilizing markets’, a deliberate harnessing of formal markets to achieve social goals by engaging with multiple political constituencies in market design. This paper looks at carbon marketization in the Democratic Republic of Congo and finds that, despite inclusive planning, climate finance experts produce unintended consequences by assigning social and environmental goals separate strategies within a national portfolio of climate finance interventions. Resulting from the challenges of finding commensurate criteria for measuring market impacts in both social and environmental domains, this programmatic segregation obscures the interconnections between poverty, forest use and climate change in the Congo. Findings suggest a need to reconcile the design of environmental-focused markets with the difficult-to-measure embedded social benefits of informal natural resource economies.     

日本财政投融资体制改革的特点及借鉴

日本的财政投融资体制曾经对日本经济的发展产生过重要影响。但是,随着日本经济的不断发展,财政投融资的僵化体制已经越来越不适应新的经济发展形势。在这一背景下,以市场筹集资金为核心的财政投融资体制改革便展开了。此次改革有如下特点：总体规模逐步缩小;资金来源更加多样化;资金运用方向有所调整;加强信息披露引入政策成本分析机制等。从日本财政投融资体制改革中我们可以借鉴的是改革方向的市场化、信息的透明和资金的重点集中投放。     

长吉图开发与吉林省县域经济发展

在国家开发长吉图的背景下,吉林省县域经济的发展迎来了新的发展契机,如何更好地利用长吉图的辐射带动作用来发展全省的县域经济成为了现阶段的主要问题。因此,在发展县域经济时,体现出新时期吉林省县域经济科学发展的新思路:将农业产业化、工业化、城镇化"三化"并进作为县域经济发展的主题和方向,通过县域经济的外向化、县域产业选择市场化和县域城乡一体化的"三化"措施,作为县域经济发展的主要途径。     

振兴东北老工业基地的浙江视角

东北三省与浙江省是经济发展过程中两个值得进行经济学比较的区域。东北三省的“资源力”远远大于浙江省,但是其“经济力”却大大小于浙江省。造成东北三省资源经济力系数严重偏小的原因是市场化程度低下,因此,东北三省应当学习、借鉴浙江省市场经济发展的成功经验,通过提高市场化程度来谋求区域经济的可持续发展。如果东北三省和浙江省有关部门能够在具体政策措施上互相协调,就可以推动两个区域的共同发展,从而使不同区域的经济力函数都达致增长的双赢格局。     

谈劳动关系市场化过程中劳动者权益保障的几个问题

劳动关系市场化使劳动关系的双方作为独立的经济主体,在劳动力市场上及生产过程中,通过博弈来实现各自的经济利益。在此博弈中劳动者处于弱势,劳动者权益受到损害。保障劳动者权益,应当充分保障劳动者的话语权,保障劳动者获得充分的劳动力价值补偿,保障劳动者参与企业利润分享的权利,以及充分发挥工会组织的维权作用。