论战后初期日本军队的重建

第二次世界大战后 ,美国出于实现其“全球战略”的需要 ,扶植日本发展军事力量 ;日本在吉田茂战略思想的基础上 ,亦确立了渐进式扩军路线。以 195 0年朝鲜战争为契机 ,日本由组建“国家警察预备队”而迈出重整军备的第一步 ,至 196 0年前 ,日陆上、海上、航空自卫队已具规模 ,完成了三军重建工作。     

乔治·华盛顿军事思想述评

早在殖民地时期,华盛顿就生动地阐述了用武力反抗暴政的思想。独立战争期间,伴随着军事斗争实践经验的不断积累,华盛顿的军事思想得以全面丰富和发展,主要包括:实行积极的防御,根据敌我双方的力量对比灵活制定战略;着眼形势的发展,正确作出判断和决策;集中优势兵力;保持部队的机动性;加强正规军建设;树立必胜的信念;建立国际军事同盟;等等。华盛顿和平时期的国防思想主要包括以下内容:坚持不加重国家经济负担的军事建设原则;把海军放在军队建设的第一位;国防建设的基点放在民兵身上;坚持文官治军原则;重视军事教育和军事科研;等等。     

Breaking the ‘Silence’ of the Military Regime: New Politics of Memory in Brazil

This article elucidates the latest developments in the ‘politics of memory’ regarding the military regime in Brazil. Only recently, I argue, has the Brazilian state abandoned its ‘politics of silence’ and started to actively champion the memory of the left‐wing ‘resistance’. This new strategy climaxed in a governmental crisis over a historic plan to establish a National Truth Commission to investigate human rights violations during the military regime. The article analyses key incidents and debates prior to the crisis, and contrasts the post‐dictatorial collective memory of Brazil with that of other Latin American countries.     

Is there a Common Path that could have Conditioned the Degree of Welfare State Development in Latin America and the Caribbean?

The purpose of this paper is to re‐examine from a multidimensional perspective the possible existence of a single path that could have conditioned the degree of welfare state development (WSD) in Latin America. Economic/industrial development, trade‐openness, democracy and the strength of leftist parties‐labour movement are used as explanatory variables in the qualitative comparative analysis. In contrast to previous findings, this paper shows that there is no evidence of a common path followed by countries with a relatively high/medium WSD. Nevertheless, countries that experienced a low economic/industrial development combined with a low democratic experience were conditioned to have low WSD.     

Militarizing civilians in Singapore: preparing for ‘Crisis’ within a calibrated nationalism1

The Singaporean polity has created the ‘militarized civilian’. This policy phenomenon beckons the question: How is this cross-fertilization carried out in Singapore's civil–military relations? Militarization is in the first sense meant to inculcate a calibrated dual personality within the civilian whereby being an effective soldier requires indulging in simulated military suffering as a badge of pride; at the same time, the citizen soldier has to believe that military and civilian values are perfectly interchangeable and contribute equally to the maintenance of peace. In a second sense, militarization is equally about permanently ritualizing sacrifices for a communitarian defence. We argue that while mostly successful, militarization also produces the tension arising from the need to appear pugnaciously vigilant while avoiding the casualties that must logically arise from heightened simulated combat. This tension is explained through two dimensions of ongoing crises: the parameters of a politically dramatized National Service ritual; and the constant propaganda of geopolitical dangers threatening the Republic.     

“场域”视阈下军校学员核心价值观的培育

院校培训任务调整改革，对军校培育学员当代革命军人核心价值观带来严峻挑战。传统的培育方式从理论基础到方法措施都已经不能适应未来学员核心价值观培育的需要，必须以理论创新推动实践发展，确保培育的效果。场域理论对新形势下加强学员核心价值观培育具有很大启发，要借鉴场域理论的发展成果，推动培育方法论的创新。实践中，通过转变观念、优化信息、加强管理、推动群体心理特征形成等方法，确保核心价值观培育的效果。     

Why this Charity Begins Abroad: Comparing Nigeria’s Foreign Peacekeeping Undertakings and Domestic Counter-insurgency Operations

The Nigerian state has had a turbulent history and even more worrisome present. Its sovereignty has been flagrantly challenged and its territorial integrity undermined by domestic non-state actors. The contemporary security challenges and indeed the incapacity of the security apparatuses to contain them contrast sharply with their past records, especially in peace enforcement abroad. Thus, this paper seeks to account for the apparent gulf between past strengths and current weaknesses of the Nigerian security machinery. It explores the country’s involvement in external peace support operations and domestic counter-insurgency efforts. The author identifies the politicisation of and corruption within the military establishment as plausible explanations for the disconnect between the recorded past (victories) and the inadequacies of today. From the standpoint of this author, to address these issues there is the need for a holistic security sector reform in Nigeria.     

Yesterday's war; tomorrow's technology: peer commentary on ‘Ethical,legal, social and policy issues in the use of genomic technologies by the US military’

A recent article by Maxwell J. Mehlman and Tracy Yeheng Li, in the Journal of Law and the Biosciences, sought to examine the ethical, legal, social, and policy issues associated with the use of genetic screening and germ-line therapies (‘genomic technologies’) by the US Military. In this commentary, we will elaborate several related matters: the relationship between genetic and non-genetic screening methods, the history of selection processes and force strength, and the consequences and ethics of, as Mehlman and Li suggest, engineering enhanced soldiers. We contend, first, that the strengths of genomic testing as a method of determining enrollment in the armed forces has limited appeal, given the state of current selection methods in the US armed forces. Second, that the vagaries of genetic selection, much like other forms of selection that do not bear causally or reliably on soldier performance (such as race, gender, and sexuality), pose a systematic threat to force strength by limiting the (valuable) diversity of combat units. Third, that the idea of enhancing warfighters through germ-line interventions poses serious ethical issues in terms of the control and ownership of ‘enhancements’ when members separate from service.     

对美军士气理论的解读

美军士气理论是美军士气培育和运用的思想基础.深入解读这一理论的基本内涵、主要特点及其对美军士气建设的影响,有助于全面认识和把握美军士气的历史、现状和未来.     

关于军事哲学研究的几个问题

军事哲学具有军事学和哲学的双重属性,既要研究军事的共同本质和普遍规律,又要为解决现实军事问题提供方法论指导。不应单一地和非历史地看待军事哲学的存在形态,学科体系化的军事哲学与强调方法论特征的军事理论著作都是军事哲学的存在方式。军事哲学体系本质上是开放的,对军事哲学的基本问题和问题域的认识是随着军事实践的发展而不断拓展的。