高科技军事手段与国际政治关系--伊拉克战争断想

美国在伊拉克战争中展示的高科技军事手段,有助于美国推进其军事、政治、国际三大战略。但高科技军事手段具有自身的局限性,伊拉克战争没有根本改变国际政治关系。高科技军事手段不是单边主义的通行证,美国面临着国际关系(与盟友、与联合国、自我定位)的重大抉择。伊拉克战争没有终止伊拉克民族国家的历史,而是提供了一个民族主义发展的契机。     

肯尼亚的纳税人诉讼——公共资金支出权的司法审查

尽管肯尼亚设计了精巧的宪法机制控制公共支出,但肯尼亚公共资金管理不善的情形仍然大量存在.在肯尼亚政府公共资金支出的政治调控远远不够的情形下,法院接受纳税人诉讼以阻止公共资金的非法支出所引起的对公众的损害.纳税人诉讼是指任何已经为其不动产或动产缴纳了税收的人代表所有的纳税人所提起的诉讼.法院享有足够的裁量权去决定哪些案件里纳税人有诉讼资格,这使法院能够在对政府行为进行审查和保证政府正常运作之间保持平衡.纳税人诉讼将不仅大大有助于对公共支出的控制,而且也给予政府足够的财政空间实施其任务.     

军事征用立法研究

军事征用作为国防动员的一项重要内容 ,已成为国防动员资源保障的主要手段。文中从军事征用的概念入手 ,阐释军事征用立法的法理依据 ,并针对我国军事征用立法的缺失 ,提出了完善我国军事征用法律制度的立法构想。     

17世纪西西伯利亚军役人员：形成、编制与管理

西西伯利亚军役人员形成于16世纪末至17世纪初，是俄国统治西伯利亚主要依靠的力量。由于西西伯利亚地域辽阔、人口稀少，其军队的管理机构、数量、等级、兵种、招募等方面与欧俄地区不同。18世纪初，彼得一世进行了军事改革，按照西方建制创立了新型的正规军，西西伯利亚军役人员从此退出了历史舞台。     

军事法与军事伦理关系初探

军事伦理和军事法作为上层建筑的成分,都是对军事行为加以规范、控制,并通过规范、控制军事行为来调整军事社会关系。虽然二者之间存在诸多区别,但并非各自属于相互排斥的独立系统,而是客观地存在着一种相互依存、互相渗透的关系。军事法对军事伦理道德起着保护的作用,并促进其发展;军事伦理规范对军事法律制度则是一种重要的补充力量,对军事法的实施起着辅助的作用,对培养和影响军事主体对其现行军事法律制度采取什么态度有着重要的意义。     

论范仲淹“积极防御”的守边策略

北宋多年来贯彻实施强干弱枝、守内虚外和重文轻武的基本国策，军事力量薄弱，边塞防卫松弛。范仲淹调任西北前线主帅后，为解决军需问题，要求建立“营田”制度；且适当招募当地壮丁，建立“土兵”制度；同时，精选将帅，精练士卒。范仲淹主张适当地发动局部进攻，进攻的目的是为了构筑起更好的防御体系，局部进攻应该成为“积极防御”的有机组成部分。由于朝廷基本采用了其“积极防御”的防边思路，西北前线形势很快稳定下来，宋、夏双方终于达成和平协议。     

“I’m awfully fed up with being a prisoner”* Australian POWs of the Turks and the Strain of Surrender

Nearly 200 Australians were captured and held as prisoners of war (POWs) by Ottoman Turkish forces during the First World War. They have largely been overlooked in Australian history and memory of the conflict with the result that little is known of their time in captivity or of its wider ramifications. In examining the emotional impact of their capture and imprisonment, this article offers intimate insights into how these Australian POWs felt about their captivity, from the moment of surrender until long after the war had ended. The humiliation of capture and confinement at the hands of a culturally, religiously and linguistically different enemy and the restrictions imposed by wartime imprisonment exacerbated the prisoners’ private feelings of shame and failure, feelings that were publicly reinforced in the aftermath of the war as the two dominant narratives of the conflict—the heroic Anzac fighter and the Turks as the honourable enemy—excluded or, at best, marginalised their experiences. Such analysis tells us much about the psychological dimension of wartime captivity, and adds to our understanding of the legacy of this POW experience.     

Defense Spending and Economic Growth around the Globe: The Direct and Indirect Link

In this study, we combine both demand- and supply-side models to investigate the direct and indirect link between defense spending and economic growth. With data from 161 states for 1990–2012, we conduct a comprehensive examination of the defense-growth nexus in the post-Cold War world. Our findings suggest that at the global level, military spending significantly dampens private investment but somewhat reduces unemployment. However, the direct economic effects of defense spending on growth are minimal at best.     

论毛泽东反“围剿”思想

1930年秋至1931年9月,在毛泽东与朱德的指挥下,红一方面军连续取得了中央苏区三次反"围剿"战争的胜利。在三次反"围剿"战争中,毛泽东正确判断形势和敌我态势,确立了诱敌深入的战略方针;主张认真做好反"围剿"的政治动员等准备工作;积极在运动中寻找战机,化劣势为优势;抓住反"围剿"胜利后的机遇,巩固和发展苏区。毛泽东反"围剿"思想是马克思主义军事思想与中国红军的革命战争实践相结合的产物,为毛泽东军事思想的形成奠定了坚实基础,在毛泽东思想形成过程中起着重要作用。     

Core Issues Between Israel and Palestine

正Jerusalem,a holy center of the three world religions:Judaism,Christianity and Islam Israel wishes to make Jerusalem the capital of Israel and the political and religious center of the Jewish people,as it wrote in the1980 Israeli Basic Law.Currently the holy city is under the control of Israel.Palestinians want East Jerusalem to be the capital of Palestine.The Old City in East Jerusalem contains a number of holy places