Stem Cell Research and Technology in Iran—Window of Opportunity in the Midst of International Tension

This paper aims to explain how the key characteristics of “stem cell research” as an emerging technology facilitate the strategy of an Iranian organization, namely, “the Royan Institute” to learn by interaction and to generate knowledge. It argues that the Royan could take advantage of the window of opportunity that stem cell research and technology had temporarily opened up but its endeavors are now being hampered by unfavorable international factors and weak domestic infrastructure. The article substantiates the case by giving an objective account of networking and gatekeeping in the process of learning/innovation at the Royan and concludes by questioning the continuity of the actual learning strategy in order to sustain the Royan's knowledge production.     

试论自主创新与风险投资

自主创新发展高科技已成为我国调整产业结构和转变经济增长方式的一个中心环节,打造自主创新的风险投资机制,建立以企业为主体、市场为导向、政府资助和社会闲置资本为主体的风险投资体系,是实现我国自主创新、“十一五”规划的重要手段。风险投资在发达国家已取得了辉煌的成就,在我国尚处于开发阶段,完善我国的资本市场,形成风险投资的退出机制将是风险投资成败的关键。     

西藏当雄牦牛皮蝇蛆病病原的分子分类鉴定

2011年在西藏当雄县感染皮蝇蛆牦牛的背部皮下收集到三期幼虫113个,首先进行了形态学鉴定,之后提取DNA,用特异性引物扩增COⅠ基因,并进行测序,与GenBank中的相关序列进行了同源性比较,建立了系统发育树。结果表明,西藏当雄县感染牦牛的皮蝇蛆为牛皮蝇蛆和中华皮蝇蛆。前者(85条)占样本总数(113)的75.22%,为西藏当雄牦牛皮蝇蛆病病原的优势虫种;COⅠ基因序列显示牛皮蝇和中华皮蝇的种间差异为10.8%～11.3%,同源性为88.7%～89.2%;牛皮蝇的株间差异为0.1%～0.6%,同源性为99.4%～99.9%,中华皮蝇的株间差异为0.1%～0.4%,同源性为99.6%～99.9%。说明COⅠ基因是牦牛皮蝇蛆病病原种类分子分类鉴定的可靠靶基因。     

西藏那曲地区旋毛虫分离株的分子分类鉴定

从西藏那曲地区旋毛虫抗体阳性藏猪获取膈肌组织,显微镜检查后采用人工消化法收集旋毛虫肌幼虫。提取旋毛虫基因组,以旋毛虫(T.spiralis)和乡土旋毛虫(T.nativa)标准株为对照,应用线粒体核糖体小亚基及大亚基RNA特异引物进行PCR扩增,结果扩增产物为650bp,与T.spiralis一致。对西藏那曲旋毛虫分离株的5SRNA内转录间隔区基因进行PCR扩增及序列测定,与GenBank数据库中已知的旋毛虫序列进行比对分析,确定其分类地位。结果扩增到735bp的片段,与T.spiralis的相似性达到99%,仅有3个核苷酸不同,可以归为一类。结果表明,西藏那曲旋毛虫分离株应该属于T.spiralis。     

Why and how does the regulation of emerging technologies occur? Explaining the adoption of the EU General Data Protection Regulation using the multiple streams framework

Why and how the regulation of emerging technologies occurs is not clear in the literature. In this study, we adapt the multiple streams framework – often used for explaining agenda-setting and policy adoption – to examine the phenomenon. We hypothesize how technological change affects policy-making and identify conditions under which the streams can be (de-)coupled. We trace the formulation of the General Data Protection Regulation to show that the regulation occupied the legislative agenda when a policy window was exploited through policy entrepreneurship to frame technological change as a problem for data privacy and legislative harmonization within the European Union. Although constituencies interested in promoting internet technologies made every effort to stall the regulation, various actors, activities, and events helped the streams remain coupled, eventually leading to its adoption. We conclude that the alignment of problem, policy, politics, and technology – through policy entrepreneurship – influences the timing and design of technology regulation.     

司法鉴定科技需求的分析与展望

司法鉴定具有科学和法律的双重属性。司法鉴定在保障司法公正、维护社会公平正义、构建社会主义和谐社会中,发挥着重要作用。目前司法鉴定行业科技发展的现状已不能适应司法鉴定行业自身及社会进步的要求,针对司法鉴定科技发展存在的主要问题,对司法鉴定科学技术发展的现状、需求、可行性、目标和意义进行思考并提出相应建议。     

论信息技术对犯罪侦查的影响及应对

在信息化背景下,信息技术对犯罪侦查工作产生了全方位的影响。其中,对犯罪侦查工作影响最为直接、最为密切的有四个方面：一是拓展了侦查空间,在原有物理空间外,增加了一个虚拟空间,也使电子证据成为一种常见的证据形式;二是影响着犯罪客体,信息技术广泛地被运用于犯罪,犯罪手法也具有了信息化的特征;三是改变了侦查环境,升级了侦查工具,侦查办案已与网络与计算机密切相连;四是促进了侦查途径与方法的演变,侦查途径更具多样性,“电子资源”广泛存在,“数字化侦查”已成为一种必然的选择。面对这些变化,侦查主体应转变思路,更新理念,通过对信息化背景下犯罪情况的研究,探寻应对方法。     

论法医鉴定的规范性

针对近年采对公安机关法医鉴定机构法医鉴定书的文证审查和对有争议的鉴定结论的重新鉴定,法医鉴定存在一些不规范问题,影响了鉴定结论的准确性和采信率,因此．应针对这些问题,规范法医鉴定。从理论的层面重视法医鉴定书的规范制作,正确引用临床病历资料．正确选择鉴定时机,准确表述鉴定结论等,从而提高法医鉴定结论的准确性。     

线粒体16SrRNA和Cytb基因复合扩增进行种属鉴定

目的 建立一种用于种属鉴定的线粒体DNA16SrRNA基因和细胞色素b基因荧光标记复合扩增检测体系。方法 利用引物设计软件Primer 5．0对mtDNA序列的16SrRNA基因和细胞色素b基因各设计一对引物,建立复合扩增体系,分别扩增人和牛、猪、狗、鸡、草鱼5种常见动物,用310遗传分析仪对产物进行分析。结果 人和5种动物DNA扩增产物均出现两个峰。Cytb通用引物的扩增产物为人与动物的共有峰,为358bp;16SrRNA基因的扩增产物为人与动物间存在位置差异的特异峰,位于231～256bp之间。结论 该复合扩增体系可以明确区分人和5种动物样本,可用于种属鉴定。     

Assessing the nature of nanotechnology: can we uncover an emerging general purpose technology?

Attention has increasingly shifted towards the long-run perspective on technological innovation, which suggests that progress comes in waves, each one originating with a major breakthrough or general purpose technology (GPT). This paper seeks to assess whether nanotechnology is likely to be (or become) a GPT, a characteristic that other researchers have sometimes assumed though not necessarily documented. Based on a survey of existing literature, this paper will explore the extent to which nanotechnology addresses three primary characteristics of a GPT: pervasiveness, innovation spawning, and scope for improvement. The paper draws on patent and patent citation databases to highlight the types of quantitative and qualitative information that would be necessary, and in some instances is still lacking, to characterize fully the nature of nanotechnology.