电子政务时代政府官员需要具备的观念

全面发展电子政务需要我国政府官员具备如下观念:政务公开、官民平等、参与和民主、廉洁、服务、注重责任等。从根本上说,官员们必须放弃残存的掠夺(腐败)观念,具备交易观念。电子政务的发展不仅对各级官员提出了上述观念上的要求,而且也为上述观念的贯彻和落实提供了比以往任何时候都要好的条件。因此,电子政务对于观念转变的要求是自我实施的。     

国际机制在东亚货币合作中的效用性问题

在国际经济体系中,有效的国际制度安排将引起行为体的利益追求以及行为体之间的互动关系发生变化,以致国际关系行为体将在多大程度上遵守国际机制的约束。东亚区域合作具有非正规化、非制度化等特点,东亚货币合作中的机制规范并非完全以制度的形式确定下来。东亚货币合作中的机制属性主要体现在一系列双边和多边的协议中,并且是以基础的机制层次如区域性危机防范、救援机制等为发展点。由于这些发展点具备了机制属性,国际机制在东亚货币合作中的效用性便应得到更多的关注,以使得东亚货币合作能被更好地加以规范和引导。     

西方政法知识在中国的早期传播--以《东西洋考每月统记传》为中心

19世纪前期是西法东渐过程中一个不可忽视的阶段.在国人睁眼看世界之前,那些首先掌握了中国语言文字的新教传教士通过编印中文书刊等途径,最早向中国传入了关于西方政制法律等方面的大量信息;<东西洋考每月统记传>即为反映这个历史真实状况的一个重要载体.近代中国输入西方法学的进路亦以此为嚆矢.     

Back to first principles: a new model for the regulation of drug promotion

The US Food and Drug Administration''s (‘FDA’ or the ‘Agency’) current regulatory framework for drug promotion, by significantly restricting the ability of drug manufacturers to communicate important, accurate, up-to-date scientific information about their products that is truthful and non-misleading, runs afoul of the First Amendment and actually runs counter to the Agency''s public health mission. Our article proposes a New Model that represents an initial proposal for a modern, sustainable regulatory framework that comprehensively addresses drug promotion while protecting the public health, protecting manufacturers’ First Amendment rights, establishing clear and understandable rules, and maintaining the integrity of the FDA approval process. The New Model would create three categories of manufacturer communications—(1) Scientific Exchange and Other Exempt Communications, (2) Non-Core Communications, and (3) Core Communications—that would be regulated consistent with the First Amendment and according to the strength of the government''s interest in regulating the specific communications included within each category. The New Model should address the FDA''s concerns related to off-label speech while protecting drug manufacturers’ freedom to engage in truthful and non-misleading communications about their products.     

汇率水平、生产成本与贸易发展——基于动态博弈模型分析

该文基于动态博弈模型分析了一国汇率和产品生产成本变化对国内贸易和进出口贸易的影响,得出一国汇率与国内贸易和出口正相关,而产品生产成本与国内贸易和出口负相关,同时汇率对生产成本发挥作用的程度具有乘数效应的结论。充分认识这种关系有利于正确把握社会主义市场经济条件下的宏观调控方向,对中国实现经济又好又快发展意义重大。     

关于对利益受损职工货币补偿量的测算

改革开放以来,中国经济发展举世瞩目,国内生产总值(GDP)总量已跃居世界第二位.改革在为我们带来辉煌成果的同时,社会也为此付出了巨大的代价和沉重的成本.这部分改革成本主要是由企业一线职工、下岗职工和农民工这些普通的劳动者承担了.他们因此成为改革的利益受损者.在“十二五”期间,政府应开始有计划地对这部分改革的利益受损者进行补偿.为此,本文对上述的利益受损职工的受损程度和货币补偿数量进行了初步的测算.     

The Cuban Experience in East Germany: Academic Migration from 1960 to 2000

The partnership between revolutionary Cuba and the German Democratic Republic (GDR) offered a route for migration that had not been possible before. While academic exchange aimed to construct a socialist society in Cuba and strengthen the Socialist Bloc, as well as serving the economic and political interests of both states, the creation of a transnational academic elite and of intellectual collectives across borders also occurred as a by‐product of the exchange. This article shows how these ‘by‐products’ came into existence, and how academic exchange can be influenced by political, financial and organisational limitations.     

新加坡货币政策初探

新加坡金融管理局自 1 971年成立以来 ,成功地维持货币供应量的平稳增长 ,保持了新元汇率稳中趋升的态势。新加坡政府一方面通过多种渠道收缩货币供应量 ,另一方面则通过外汇市场操作 ,向货币市场重新注入资金。这两种方向相反的操作过程有助于维持新元汇率的强势 ,也不致于造成市场新元过度短缺。从新加坡货币管理的实践来看 ,新加坡当局一直强调汇率稳定的重要性 ,以便为促进对外贸易创造良好的条件 ,并维持新加坡对外国投资者的吸引力 ;坚持物价稳定优先的货币政策 ;强调政府作为国民储蓄管理者的的角色。     

均衡困境与金融安全：国际货币制度变迁及问题

全球金融危机的爆发和对金融安全所产生的巨大影响,为国际货币体系的制度变迁创造了强大的外部动力,并使之成为二十国集团(G20)主导的全球金融治理改革的核心议程之一。随着危机影响的逐渐消散,国际货币体系改革陷入了"均衡困境",即国际货币体系的制度变迁在达到或持续趋近于最优状态之前,便停滞于某种相对稳定的状态,危机所创造的变迁动力逐渐减弱,主要国家行为体继续维持、接受或无力独自改变既有国际货币体系。在此均衡困境下,国际货币体系存在已久的诸多问题依然没有解决,主要包括主权货币充当国际货币的相关问题、汇率制度多样化以及随之而来的汇率波动和汇率失调、国际收支调节不力导致的宏观经济失衡、国际货币组织低效等。从国际货币制度变迁与金融安全的角度而言,后危机时期的改革并未带来一个更加安全的金融世界。     

The political economy of regional integration in East Asia

A widely held consensus view claims that East Asia has been shifting recently from a market-led to an institution-based form of regional economic integration, primarily as a result of the 1997–1998 financial crisis. Next to post-crisis financial cooperation schemes under the ASEAN+3, the surge of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) involving East Asian countries is thought by some to further substantiate this claim. The objective of the paper is to question the validity of this claim. By examining the current state of play of economic cooperation, in the financial and monetary areas as well as in the trade sphere, the paper highlights the limitations of the formal regional integration movement in East Asia to date, as well as the vastly different dynamics underlying the financial and trade developments. It also explores the changing nature of intra-regional trade and investment linkages and concludes that this new form of interdependence may be instrumental in changing the trade-offs of formal regional economic schemes.