准备金付息制度的货币政策工具性质研究

本文基于相关文献的综述,分析了准备金付息制度的货币政策操作工具属性,并主要从准备金付息制度的扭曲效应、对商业银行经营绩效的影响及对货币政策的有效性等三个方面,具体分析我国准备金制度对经济运行的影响.研究发现:对准备金付息及付息利率的确定和调整是存款准备金制度的主要内容之一,它赋予存款准备金制度以新的内涵和工具功能.存款准备金制度是我国转型期有效的货币政策操作工具,而且可以将准备金付息制度打造成更为有效的货币政策操作工具.     

Comparisons among electoral systems: Distinguishing between localism and candidate-centered politics

Carey and Shugart (1995) offer a four component composite index of “incentives to cultivate a personal vote.” We argue that this index, while tapping important aspects of electoral system choice, is best regarded as encompassing two distinct dimensions: degree of party-centeredness of the electoral system, on the one hand, and incentives for “parochial” behavior on the part of legislators, on the other. Also, while we have no problem with the three indicators used by Carey and Shugart to measure party-centeredness; to measure parochial incentives we prefer to use a new measure, E (Grofman, 1999a) of the size of a legislator's electoral constituency, rather than using district magnitude, m, as a proxy for a the size of a legislator's geographic constituency, as Carey and Shugart do. In the conclusion to the paper we argue that the degree of similarity between any two electoral systems will depend upon the research question at issue, and that the expected degree of proportionality of election results is only one of the many political consequences of electoral laws to which we ought to be paying attention.     

发达国家发展循环经济的历程及启示

走可持续发展之路是人类对未来发展的共识，发展循环经济则是实现资源节约、减少环境污染和实现可持续发展的科学途径。认识国外的发达国家的发展历程，结合中国的实际情况，深入提高循环经济是个系统的整体的可持续的发展模式，是系统构建和谐社会发展的必由之路。     

我国扩大内需的政策选择和效果评价

我国目前不具备实行凯恩斯理论的制度基础和政策条件 ,克服当前内需不足困难的关键是结合中国的经济实际 ,把短期手段和长期发展目标结合起来 ,把增加有效需求与增加有效供给结合起来 ,把宏观经济政策的调整和综合配套改革结合起来 ,这样才能有效解决当前国民经济运行面临的矛盾和中长期发展的问题。     

美国市政体制改革:背景、过程与发展趋势

在 1 9世纪末 2 0世纪初的城市化浪潮中 ,美国市政体制由单一的弱市长制逐渐演进为强市长制、委员会制和经理制。这一变化的根本原因在于经济基础的变动。三种新型体制的出现揭开了 2 0世纪初美国市政体制一系列重大调整的序幕 ,从而促进了城市问题的解决 ,同时探寻到一条现代化条件下推进民主政治的道路     

论英语教学的系统性

英语知识的传播和获得是一项系统工程。在英语教学中引入系统科学机制 ,把英语教学纳入系统的教学轨道 ,使英语教学中的实体教学系统与教学环境系统相互依存、相互制约 ,是构成英语教学系统良性运行的基础。     

"一国两制"下人民内部矛盾问题初探

在“一国两制”实践中,人民内部矛盾出现了一些新情况、新问题。两种不同性质的经济基础、政治上层建筑、社会意识形态并存是人民内部新的经济、政治、思想文化矛盾的直接根源。其中两种不同性质经济基础并存是诸种矛盾最深刻的根源。必须坚持国家统一原则,“两制”长期共存、合理分权原则,用“一国两制”、发展经济、依法治国、沟通交流和宣传思想工作的方法,妥善处理“一国两制”实践中出现的人民内部矛盾。     

当前农村社会治安存在的问题及治理对策

作为农业大国,我国农村在市场经济条件下,社会治安出现了一系列新的问题,而这些问题一直被在城市开展的各项专项治理工作所忽视;深刻分析农村社会治安问题产生的原因并努力探讨切实可行的对策,对整个农村的社会稳定、经济发展,具有重要的现实意义.     

构建完善的产权制度与市场经济

市场经济运行是以产权规则的设置与完善为前提的.明晰的产权是形成合理的价格、促进市场交易与竞争的基础.产权是构造责、权、利内在统一的激励与约束机制.     

Paradise Lost...: The Meaning of Modernity and the Antinomy of the Law

This essay argues for the centrality of the study of paradoxes of particularity and universality in the interface between law and politics in modernity. Particularly, in order to understand the process of constitution of a political collective and the role of supernumerary elements that re-enter a constituted legal-political system. After introducing the question of paradoxes or antinomies in the relation between law and politics in modernity, the essay engages with current understandings of exceptionalism and the possibility of a leftist or ‘real’ suspension of the law. In order to do so, this essay makes full use of certain theoretical tools developed in anthropological accounts of political and legal processes, and current French-oriented and Latin American political philosophy.