澳大利亚警察招募与教育训练体制的特色

作为行政执法重要力量之一的人民警察队伍,其综合素质能否与国际接轨,教育训练是关键。对国内外警察教育训练模式进行对比研究,具有重要的理论意义和时代意义。文章对澳大利亚警察招募与教育训练体制的特色进行了对比研究,力求学习和借鉴国外警察教育训练模式的成功经验和做法,以期对构建我国人民警察教育训练体制有所启示。     

马克思社会有机体理论的系统方法论与构建和谐社会之系统工程

马克思社会有机体理论的根本方法论是"新唯物主义"辩证法,但在层次方法论中,系统方法论表现得最为充分。构建和谐社会是一项复杂的系统工程,马克思社会有机体理论的系统方法论是指导和谐社会建设的基础方法。     

《环境保护法》修改中若干基本问题的定位

我国现行《环境保护法》已实施18年,其立法理念和价值取向已明显落后于当今生态建设和环境保护实践。在《环境保护法》修改过程中,应当对立法目的、立法模式、制度体系等基本问题重新进行定位,使修改后的《环境保护法》符合我国生态建设和环境保护的社会实际,顺应环境法发展的国际趋势。     

Balancing district and party seats: The arithmetic of mixed-member proportional electoral systems

Mixed-member proportional electoral systems (MMP) are widely praised because they combine the direct, personal election of MPs from single-seat constituencies with a proportional seat allocation. However, the size of the proportional tier matters for the question of whether the system's overall proportionality is preserved. Hence, a key challenge for constitution-makers and scholars is finding the right balance between district and proportional seats, so as to maximise district representation and guarantee proportional representation.This paper develops the first theoretical model that helps to locate this sweet spot for district and party seats. The novel solution builds on Taagepera's “logical models” about party sizes. The model is tested on 58 national parliamentary elections under MMP rules.     

论金钱之债迟延履行的损失认定

金钱之债的迟延履行损失认定是司法实务重点关注的问题，司法实践中裁判标准相去甚远。就“利息损失”而言，通过欠付款项的一定比例或参考借款合同利率上限均缺乏关联性与合理性，该损失通过法定孳息之思路确认又面临计算方法难确定、存款利率过低之问题。在守约方损失无法计算时，可通过违约方得利计算，违约方对本应归还债权人的价款在逾期期间占有、使用而减少支出的资金使用成本，可认定为银行贷款利息，以LPR计算。最高人民法院相关司法解释的罚息规定应属特别法定赔偿，除迟延方不具可惩罚性的场合以外，应适用于所有有偿合同。对于其他损失，在合同可体现迟延将发生的损失时，合同订立时债务人知道款项用途及迟延造成的后果时以及债权人因此向第三人举债产生利息时，损失应当赔偿。     

试论主诉检察官制度中的内部管理监督机制

主诉检察官制度赋予主诉检察官较大的职权 ,建立主诉检察官的内部管理监督机制是对主诉检察官权力的制约。本文阐述了建立主诉检察官内部管理监督机制的原则及其具体制度     

Barriers and enablers of coordination across healthcare system levels

Coordination across healthcare system levels is a global imperative to ensure efficient resource utilization and provide high-quality care. The substantial body of research on coordination in healthcare mainly concerns coordination across professional and organizational domains. Consequently, there is a dearth of empirical research aimed at delineating the determinants of coordination across healthcare system levels. This paper describes and analyses the barriers and enablers of healthcare coordination across national, regional, and local system levels in a populous Swedish region. Individual interviews and focus group discussions, encompassing a total of 63 individuals, were conducted with managers, administrators, and politicians. The findings of the paper underscore that the barriers identified were most often of a structural or institutional character, whereas the enablers of the studied cross-level coordination were mostly relational. Therefore, we propose that future research should aim to further delineate the prerequisites for personal relationships to emerge, as well as how they may act as enablers of coordination across healthcare system levels.     

How Coordinated Capitalism Adapts to the Knowledge Economy: Different Upskilling Strategies in Germany and Switzerland

The rise of the knowledge economy challenges coordinated models of capitalism by requiring their skill formation systems to produce a workforce with higher skills. This paper examines how coordinated capitalism adapts to upskilling pressures by jointly studying general education and vocational education and training (VET) at both upper-secondary and tertiary levels. Employing a comparative research design covering German and Swiss upskilling efforts over the past 50 years, we observe important differences. Switzerland, with influential small firms and weak union presence, focuses on keeping VET an attractive option at upper-secondary level by favoring VET graduates' access to tertiary education. By contrast, Germany, marked by large firm dominance and influential unions, concentrates on expanding general education throughout and adding vocational elements later. Our analysis suggests that firms' reform preferences are conditioned by their size and political constraints to reform.     

Policy Monitoring and Ministerial Survival: Evidence from Multiparty Presidentialism

Studies on policy monitoring and ministerial survival within coalition governments are usually conducted separately. In this study, we bring these topics together and argue that the strategy of coalition partners to oversee the implementation of one another's policies has surprising consequences on the duration of office-holding ministers. Our main theoretical insight suggests that the degree to which ministers behave as faithful agents of the government depends on their expectations about their partners' monitoring behavior, such that when they expect to be under high scrutiny, they moderate their drifting behavior. Using evidence from legislative information requests on the activities of individual ministers over all multiparty cabinets formed in Brazil between 1995 and 2014, we demonstrate that: (1) greater policy monitoring by coalition partners is observed under more ideologically heterogeneous cabinets, and (2) more frequent policy-monitoring efforts by coalition partners lead to a lower ministerial replacement within the government term.