人工感染血管瘤病变型ALV-J对鸡免疫器官的影响

为探讨血管瘤病变型J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J)HN06克隆株的致病情况,通过人工接种7日龄SPF雏鸡ALV-J HN06株,检测HN06株对鸡体的影响。结果发现,感染鸡生长较慢,体重比对照组低。HN06株对胸腺抑制显著,对法氏囊影响不明显,外周免疫器官的脾指数比对照组大。PCR检测病毒在免疫器官中的分布结果显示,骨髓和脾在攻毒后第7天可检测到病毒整合到基因组中,法氏囊和胸腺则分别在攻毒后第14天和第21天才能检测到。通过ELISA和细胞培养技术检测病毒血症、抗体产生和排毒情况,发现HN06感染鸡血浆中第7天即出现病毒(7/21),第28天出现抗体(2/21),第21天泄殖腔出现排毒(2/21)。随着产生抗体鸡的比例升高,排毒鸡逐渐减少,42d后无排毒现象。由此可见,试验鸡后天感染HN06株出现病毒血症,HN06不但抑制机体生长,还影响免疫器官的发育;HN06首先感染免疫器官中的骨髓和脾,再感染法氏囊和胸腺;抗体的产生能抑制排毒,但病毒血症仍然存在。     

蛋鸡J亚群禽白血病病毒分离株SD1009株感染性克隆的构建与病毒拯救

为探究蛋鸡J亚群禽白血病病毒(ALV-J)的致病机理,从山东省某鸡场送检的蛋鸡病料中分离鉴定出1株ALV-J,命名为SD1009株,采用PCR方法分3段扩增出SD1009株的前病毒cDNA,PCR产物经克隆酶切后顺次连接,获得1个含有完整ALV-J前病毒cDNA的重组质粒,命名为pBW-SD1009。全长测序及序列比对分析发现,近年来分离的ALV-J都存在缺失部分rTM和DR区的序列,缺失长度为205bp。通过外源基因嵌合的方式,将205bp嵌合进入,又获得了1个前病毒cDNA的重组质粒,命名为pBW-SD1009A205,将pBW-SD1009和pBW-SD1009A205分别转染DF1细胞,通过间接免疫荧光试验,禽白血病抗原试剂盒检测,反转录酶试剂盒检验,表明拯救出了2株病毒,分别命名为rSD1009和rSD1009A205。本研究成功构建了蛋鸡ALV-J的感染性克隆,并在序列分析的基础上,又构建了第2株补全缺失序列的感染性克隆,结果表明缺失部分rTM和DR区的序列,对病毒的拯救以及病毒的复制动力学无显著影响。     

抗α-1酸性糖蛋白血清的制备

作者用分离纯化的α-1酸性糖蛋白免疫新西兰兔,制备抗α-1酸性糖蛋白血清。鉴定结果表明,制备的抗血清与进口商品抗α-1酸性糖蛋白血清特异性相同;与人血清其他蛋白无交叉反应。琼脂双向扩散法测得抗血清效价为128,检出α-1酸性糖蛋白的最低浓度为204μg/ml。     

对禽类食品安全的支付和接受补偿意愿的实证分析——以北京海淀大学区消费者为例

本文针对北京海淀大学区消费者对禽类食品安全的支付意愿(WTP)和接受补偿意愿(WTA)的调查数据,利用描述性统计,得出该地区消费者的WTP和WTA具体金额,并且对两者形成的差值和比值进行详实分析。同时,本文还利用回归解释了影响消费者支付和接受补偿意愿的因素。最后阐释预防和制止禽流感发生和蔓延的重要性,强调通过大力宣传,提高消费者对疾病防治和食品安全的重视等积极建议。     

iss基因与鸡大肠杆菌致病力的关系

为探讨iss基因的存在及其核苷酸序列的差异与鸡大肠杆菌致病力的关系,分别采用普通PCR及套式PCR方法检测iss基因在21株鸡大肠杆菌菌株中的分布,并进行序列测定,分析菌株携带iss基因的情况及不同毒力的菌株间iss基因序列的差异。结果显示,经套式PCR检测21株鸡大肠杆菌均携带iss基因,而普通PCR检测显示仅有13株携带iss基因;16株菌株iss基因与国外禽大肠杆菌iss基因参考序列同源性为100%;其余5株中,E1与参考序列同源性为93.5%,E33、O78与参考序列同源性为99.4%,E4、E21与参考序列同源性为99.7%。推测,iss基因可能在不同来源、不同毒力、不同血清型的鸡大肠杆菌中都普遍存在,仅是拷贝数高低不同,而不是目前普遍认为的"有或无"的关系,并且iss基因序列是高度保守的。iss基因与鸡大肠杆菌致病力的相关性可能与它所定位的质粒拷贝数有关,与iss基因的序列差异无关。     

禽流感病毒N8亚型神经氨酸酶基因的克隆和全序列分析

用SPF鸡胚增殖禽流感病毒A/Duck/Australia/341/83(H15N8),通过RT-PCR获得了NA基因全长,连接并转化,增菌培养后,提取阳性质粒进行序列测定,获得了禽流感病毒N8亚型的NA基因序列,分析了NA8基因与其他流感病毒神经氨酸酶基因的相互关系。结果显示,所获得的NA基因片段全长1459bp,最大开放阅读框编码457个氨基酸残基,经Blast分析,该基因与GenBank中其他13株N8亚型毒株的NA基因核苷酸序列同源性为91.6%～73.3%。与其他8个N1～N9亚型NA基因进行遗传演化分析,N8亚型与N5亚型NA基因的亲缘关系最近,与N3亚型NA基因的亲缘关系最远。结果表明,禽流感病毒N8亚型NA基因序列的测定对N8亚型流感病毒的诊断和预防具有重要意义。     

Ultraviolet 365 as an Alternative Light Source for Detection of Blood Serum

The use of alternative light sources (ALS) in bloodstain analysis has focused on dried (whole) blood, while information on detection of blood serum is lacking. Serum detection by ALS could provide valuable information at a crime scene, as serum may become separated from blood during clotting and cast off, especially in cases where the victim is moved. Additionally, a perpetrator may concentrate on the removal/scouring of dried blood with small amounts of serum going unnoticed, as it dries relatively clear on certain objects. In this report, the detection of human blood serum was evaluated using ultraviolet (UV) light at two different wavelengths. These results show that ultraviolet (UV) at 365 nm (UV365) was effective in the detection of even small amounts of blood plasma and serum, compared with UV at 395 nm, which was not. UV365 was also found to be useful in distinguishing blood imprints from clotting blood which had been transferred to material versus blood that had been added directly. Taken together, these results demonstrate that UV365 may be utilized as a simple, nondestructive method for blood serum detection.     

The Estimation of Postmortem Serum Urea via the Ultrafiltration of Hemolyzed Blood

Postmortem serum urea has been demonstrated as an objective indicator for the forensic diagnosis of cause of death. However, samples used in postmortem biochemical analysis are always affected by hemolysis. To investigate whether hemolysis affects the biochemical analysis of urea and to explore the feasibility of using ultrafiltration to process hemolyzed blood samples, three different levels of hemolyzed blood samples were used to assess the influence of hemolysis on postmortem biochemical analysis of urea, and two ultrafiltration methods were used to process the hemolyzed blood samples. Bias% was used to assess the interference of hemolysis. Our results showed that heavy hemolysis had a significant influence on the biochemical analysis of urea. Both ultrafiltration methods in the present study could significantly reduce the interference of hemolysis, with the |bias%| of methods A and B decreasing from 69.74% ± 99.14% to 12.18% ± 7.23% and 10.77% ± 8.09%, respectively, compared to the original serum. After regression correction, there was no significant difference between the urea concentration in the ultrafiltrates of the two ultrafiltration methods and that in the original serum, which suggested that the postmortem serum urea concentration could be estimated by the corrected urea concentration in the ultrafiltrate. The current study also provided possible pretreatment methods for postmortem biochemical analysis of other biomarkers in hemolyzed blood samples of forensic practice.     

鹅Ⅰ型禽副粘病毒融合蛋白基因3′端cDNA片段的分子克隆

参考禽副粘病毒的融合蛋白基因 (F基固 )cDNA序列 ,设计并合成了 1对引物 ,以分离到对鹅有致病力的Ⅰ型禽副粘病毒GPMV/QY97 1株的核酸 (RNA)为模板 ,用逆转录聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR)对其融合蛋白基因 3′端进行扩增 ,获得了预计的 884bp左右的片段。将该片段克隆进 pGEM TEasy质粒载体 ,获得重组质粒T GPMVF3′ ,采用限制性内切酶和PCR方法对该重组质粒进行鉴定 ,证明所克隆的片段即为目的基因片段 ,这为进一步开展鹅Ⅰ型禽副粘病毒的分子生物学研究奠定了基础     

野生鸡枞菌多糖的提取及其免疫活性分析

采用水提醇沉法获得鸡枞菌多糖,并对其总糖含量进行了测定;研究了不同剂量的鸡枞菌多糖对正常小鼠的免疫器官指数、血清溶血素水平、腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬功能及脾淋巴细胞增殖等免疫指标的影响。结果:鸡枞菌多糖得率为6.27%,总糖含量为94%;根据体重腹腔注射20mg/kg的鸡枞菌多糖可明显提高正常小鼠的溶血素水平(P<0.01)、脾指数(P<0.01)、胸腺指数(P<0.05)和巨噬细胞吞噬功能(P<0.01);体外试验中,与空白对照组相比,25μg/mL的鸡枞菌多糖可促进体外脾淋巴细胞增殖(P<0.05),12.5μg/mL鸡枞菌多糖对ConA或LPS引起的脾淋巴细胞增殖均有显著的协同作用(P<0.01)。结果表明,鸡枞菌多糖能显著增强小鼠的体液免疫和细胞免疫功能,有望成为一种新的天然免疫增强剂。