关于以法律手段“硬化”道德规范的思考

构建社会主义和谐社会,发展经济是前提,协调阶层利益关系是关键,而加强道德建设是保证。长期以来,我们为道德建设投入的精力不可谓不大,付出的成本不可谓不高,而成效却并不显著。凡事都要讲究效率,社会主义道德建设也不可不讲效率。根据道德与法律的某些重合,古今中外的立法实践和我国目前道德建设的实际需要,以法律手段“硬化”道德规范不失为一种有效选择。     

规律、规范、规则、原则——西方法学中几个与“法”相关的概念辨析

在西方法学中,有几个与“法”相关的概念,这就是“规律”、“规范”、“规则”和“原则”。一些法学家在对法的论述中,往往把这些概念与法联系起来,他们或者把法说成就是一种“规律”、“规范”、“规则”和“原则”;或者把它们说成是法的本质或构成要素。对这些概念与“法”的关系进行辨析,有助于深化对此的理解。     

刑罚进化论——从刑事政策角度的批判

刑罚进化论对刑罚制度的线性发展持乐观态度 ,认为越是到现代 ,刑罚越人道和轻缓 ,这种观念影响较大 ,但是很值得质疑。作者通过对近现代刑罚改革思潮进行分析后指出 :所谓的刑罚进化论是不能成立的 ;刑罚的正当性与进化论无关 ,而只与刑事政策的运用 ,以及规范有效性的维持、规范的稳定有联系。坚持刑罚进化论命题 ,在刑事法领域会产生负面效果。一方面 ,刑罚进化论强制人们忍受残酷、多余的刑罚制度 ;另一方面 ,它也会导致阻碍刑罚改革的惰性思维的产生。     

Pentecostalism and the spirit of entrepreneurship in Ghana: the case of Maame Sarah prayer camp in Ghana

ABSTRACT

This paper examines the role that Pentecostalism plays in stimulating entrepreneurial spirit and innovation in Ghana. The study adopts an ethnographic approach, and focuses on the Goka Prayer Camp of the Church of Pentecost in the Jaman North District of the Brong Ahafo Region of Ghana. It is grounded in Weber’s theory of religion as a catalyst for the development of capitalist societies and focuses of religious doctrines, leadership, and institutional networks. Key findings indicate that there is a nexus between Pentecostalism and entrepreneurship development in Ghana. The study showed that Pentecostalism encourages self-determination, self-reliance, and entrepreneurship initiatives among believers due to its prosperity doctrine which states that because believers share in the victory of Jesus Christ over sin, poverty and suffering, they are destined to prosper once they have embraced the faith, maintained strict moral discipline and paid tithe. In addition, Pentecostalism is seen to provide spiritual backing for entrepreneurship by freeing people from ancient superstitious beliefs, and fears that they will be accused of witchcraft, victimised, or die once they become successful. Moreover, the explicit engagement of Pentecostal leaders in the pursuit of material wellbeing sets the pace for members to follow. However, in spite of the role of this strand of Christianity in motivating individuals to engage in entrepreneurial activities, we found that they provide weak networks and institutional support, apart from those in the spiritual domain, to facilitate entrepreneurship development among members. It is rather members of the top hierarchy that appear to benefit from these social networks.     

Comparative Regionalism: A Field Whose Time has Come?

Is comparative regionalism a field whose time has come? While the contemporary interest in comparing regions and regionalisms may be not completely new, it is different from older approaches. Our understanding of what makes regions has changed with social constructivist and critical theoretical approaches that have led to a less behavioural and more nuanced, complex, contested and fluid understanding of regions. Moreover, the globalisation phenomenon has deeply affected all social sciences and radically redefined the relative autonomy of regions. In keeping with the rapid growth and development of regionalism and institutions in the non-Western world, including in regions which were relatively late starters, such as Asia, there have emerged new ways of looking at regional cooperation, including claims about distinctive approaches and even ‘models’ that are not only different from those identified with the EU, but also supposedly more appropriate and thus ‘workable’ for non-Western regions than the EU straightjacket.     

New corporate Uyghur entrepreneurs in Urumqi,China

Although China's Uyghurs have progressively engaged in informal trade following economic reforms, in recent years a small group of corporate Uyghur entrepreneurs have positioned themselves in more formal industries where they hold a cultural advantage. However, we argue that the clustering of firms and a lack of experience and capital limits entrepreneurs' ability to compete with established Han businesses. This restricts Uyghur economic participation more generally, contributing to labour-market inequalities and ethnic tension in cities like Urumqi. The authors conclude that government support for Uyghur entrepreneurs is a crucial step to strengthen economic development and reduce ethnic tension in the region.     

宪法权利规范的结构及其推理方式

对宪法权利的理解、解释和落实必然遇到的一个核心问题是，宪法权利能否因其他宪法上的利益、公共政策以及与之相冲突的权利而受到限制。从规范法学的观点来看，宪法权利具有一种复杂的结构，既内含排他性层次，又内含权衡的层次。因此，宪法权利推理呈现一种衡量与不衡量结合的双阶结构。宪法权利之作为权利，是一种对公共权威作出某种行为时所依凭的理由的限制。对某些政府行为的理由，宪法权利能将其坚决排除出去，而对另一些政府行为的理由，包括为了公共利益，则需要和权利仔细加以权衡而做出取舍。这样的宪法权利规范及其推理体现的是一种理性的、民主的政治慎思机制。     

商法强制性规范的类型、性质与边界

根据强制性的来源与性质,商法强制性规范可以分为自治型、国家确认型和国家介入型三类。国家确认型强制性规范属于私法规范,而国家介入型强制性规范既可以是私法规范,也可以是公法规范。分析商法强制性规范的性质有助于正确评价商法的"私法公法化"问题。为实现商法的效率优先价值,国家确认型强制性规范的边界由商事主体意思自治决定,而国家介入型强制性规范的边界以维护公共利益所必需为限,商事立法和司法应注意商法强制性规范的边界。     

清代工程营造法的特点分析及借鉴

清代营造活动以官营为主,营造活动的各个环节均有官员参与,营造活动体现了“礼有等差”的官僚等级特征,营造物的规模与其使用者的政治身份相配比,政治地位越高者其所使用的营造物规模和级别越高.为了避免行政主导权滥用所造成的劳民伤财后果,清代营造法从制度设计上强调了对民力的保护.此外,清代营造法含有较多技术性法律规范,保证了营造物的做法及质量,也为监督检查提供了依据.     

德清县青年就业创业分析

文章以湖州市德清县为例,通过问卷调查和实地走访的研究方法,立足于县域城市青年对待就业创业的主观态度、青年就业创业的基本情况和主要特点,剖析新型城镇化背景下,县域城市青年就业创业的基本需求,并结合县域城市开展青年就业创业工作的内外在优势及制约因素,提出县域城市应从营造氛围、加强联系、激励及引导等方面推动青年就业创业工作。