关于当前公民道德建设几个重大关系问题的思考

着力提高全民族的道德素质,是全面建设小康社会的基本目标和重要保障。为此,必须将全面贯彻十六大关于道德建设的精神与切实落实《纲要》密切结合起来。当前,在公民道德规范的概括、提炼和倡行上,应该正确认识“基本道德规范”的地位、重点以及与其他规范、与“三德”着力点的关系。在我国现阶段道德建设的实际操作过程中,应该体现法制一定程度先行的原则,发挥法律规范的更直接、更强有力的保证作用;同时注重公民道德的实践养成,从具体的行为入手,加强道德教化、训练、指导;还应处理好公民道德建设中的“三德”并行、整体推进与城乡优势互补、各有侧重的关系,处理好全体公民的道德建设与抓好干部、青少年两个重点的关系。     

经济法的观念基础与规则构成——对“需要国家干预论”的反思与拓展

作为经济法的重要学说之一的“需要国家干预论”,因其影响大,而争论和分歧也多,分歧的焦点在于对“谁之‘需要’”与“‘干预’什么”存在不同理解。对此问题,按整体主义理解,国家干预是社会基于整体经济发展的“需要”,这意味着“需要”的主体是社会,干预的内容是具有全局性和社会公共性经济关系。正因“需要”的主体是社会,就防止了国家干预的恣意性,同时,社会整体利益因有国家代表而得以保障,从而彰显了经济法的社会本位属性。另外,社会的“需要”决定了经济法的目的,目的作为指针指出了经济主体的行为准则,同时,整体构造的复杂性预示了经济法技术规范的复杂性与多样性。     

解读“规范出发型”诉讼理念——以具体个案为基点

“规范出发型”和“事实出发型”是分别作为代表罗马法系和日尔曼法系诉讼理念的关键词;在中国这一有着悠久成文法传统的国度,裁判案件应在“规范出发型”理念下指导下进行。一般来说,实体法保护的权利仅限于自身框架之内,避免以虚构权利的方式达到保护利益的目的,特别是在该利益可以通过实体法上本来就具有的权利予以保护之时。在适用上,外部的基准应是民事实体法,而不应是宪法;内部的基准应是以规则为主体,只在个别情况下适用原则予以矫正或弥补。     

论行政程序正当性的宪法规范基础--以规范实证分析为视角

一国的宪法是支撑行政程序正当性的规范基础.从世界范围看,作为支撑行政程序正当性的宪法规范主要有三种表述即"正当法律程序"、"法律(定)程序"和"法律规定".我国现行宪法虽然没有直接为行政程序正当性提供规范依据,但是我们可以从"主体参与"和"法治国家"的宪法规范表述中,获得行政程序正当性在宪法规范上的逻辑起点.     

论治理范式转型中的政府绩效评估

当代的政府绩效评估涉及政府治理过程的范式转变,如由过去的政府导向向民众导向转变、由技术导向向战略导向转变、由对程序负责向对结果负责转变等等,但在我国的学术界和政府管理实践领域都存在为评估而评估的倾向,缺乏政府绩效评估与治理过程相结合角度的考察。要从变革传统政府治理模式的高度审视政府绩效评估,把绩效评估作为政府再造的一个利器、实现政府职能转变和建设和谐社会的战略工具、建设民主行政的一个重要途径,相应地,实行组织再造,推动政府组织机能的变革等,方能达到良好的效果。     

Russian Robber Barons: Moscow Business, American Style

Russia after communism is a hotbed of crime. Russian Robber Barons addresses villainy in market construction and draws on U.S. experience for comparisons. Crime will not be eradicated in Russia, nor has it been eliminated elsewhere, but a carefully crafted legal system can reduce damage wrought by unproductive criminal activity and guide entrepreneurs into legal operations beneficial to themselves and society. Robber baron activities match Joseph Schumpeter's creative destruction, but Mafia-style crime is merely destructive. Economic success demands that Russia join Western market societies in the search for laws to throttle destructive crime and encourage entrepreneurship.     

我国大学生农村创业促进政策的问题与对策

大学生到农村创业的促进政策主要包括人事档案、户籍管理、工龄计算,资金、税收、土地和技术,以及创业园区的建设等多方面具体内容。目前在户籍管理、土地、融资担保、创业辅导等方面仍然存在一定的问题。既要解决融资、土地、户口等方面的创业外部条件问题,也要解决大学生农村创业的"水土不服"和"本领恐慌"的内在能力问题。     

How to change other people's institutions: discursive entrepreneurship and the boundary object of competition/competitiveness in the German banking sector

Abstract

The paper explores recent public debates about the structure of the financial system in Germany. It pays particular attention to their symbolic-strategic dimension, that is, to attempts by several institutional entrepreneurs to reformulate the criteria of organizational legitimacy, concentrating on the sense-making and legitimization processes involved in institutional persistence or change. The paper discourse-analyses a campaign by institutional entrepreneurs – mainly representatives of commercial banks – who attempted to homogenize the criteria of organizational legitimacy in the German banking sector by questioning the fundamentals of the three-pillar system and the non-commercial banks. Institutional entrepreneurs are understood as discursive entrepreneurs whose actions refer to institutionalized generalizations of value. In the case of the financial sector in Germany, it was the generalized value of competition/competitiveness that served as a discursive device to legitimize the attempts of commercial banks to alter the institutional structure.     

Norm subsidiarity and institutional cooperation: explaining the straits of Malacca anti-piracy regime

Abstract

Given competing interests among the three littoral states of Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia, what explains the nature and timing of their cooperative arrangement in combating maritime piracy in the Straits of Malacca in the post-2004 period? This observation is especially puzzling because the material and strategic interests of these actors generally did not change during the time period that witnessed increased cooperation. We argue that key developments of the anti-piracy regime in the Straits of Malacca cannot be fully explained by rationalist approaches, which traditionally stresses material and national interests of states. By critically engaging constructivist approaches, this paper posits that Malaysia, Singapore and Indonesia engaged in a process of norm subsidiarity. Through norm subsidiarity, relatively weak states get together to develop their own rules to prevent their exclusion or marginalization from institutions of global governance by more powerful actors. The littoral states engaged norm subsidiarity to resist extra-regional attempts to manage piracy in the Straits of Malacca. These extra-regional security proposals triggered a powerful regional cognitive prior, providing the impetus for an indigenous response, leading consequently to a collective cooperative effort to deal with the threat of piracy.     

Japan's peacekeeping policy: Strategic calculation or internalization of an international norm?

Abstract

With the Gulf War as a trigger, Japan began to make a humanitarian contribution by dispatching the Self Defense Forces to United Nations peacekeeping operations. Given Japan's strong hesitation for participation in the past, Japan's peacekeeping policy presents an intriguing challenge to examine the factors for a preference change and sustained compliance. By investigating Japan's peacekeeping policies towards East Timor and Haiti, this article examines how Japan's behavior and preferences were influenced by either internalized norms or cost/benefit calculations. While norm-driven behavior is considered to be incompatible with strategic calculated behavior, the article demonstrates that these two factors can co-exist.