海洋刑法学的提出与国际海上犯罪的立法规制

随着人类社会对海洋资源的开发与利用,涉海领域的犯罪将愈演愈烈,直接危及作为海洋大国的中国的经济健康发展,加之我国刑事立法与刑事法学的严重滞后,迫切需要加强海洋刑法学的研究;海洋刑法学的研究对象是国际海上犯罪,其重点在于"国际"、"海上"犯罪,较之一般犯罪在法律适用、行为方式、行为时空等方面存在明显区隔;对于国际条约中所涉及的国际海上犯罪在国内的适用应采取转化的操作模式,可考虑在刑法典中独立设置章节对其进行规定。     

我国刑法中牵连关系的形态及其实质分析

牵连犯作为一种罪数形态,在刑法理论中具有重要地位。刑法理论中对牵连犯的判断是以牵连关系为标准,牵连关系在理论上不仅存在两种基本形式,而且也存在多种观点分歧。事实上,牵连关系与犯罪构成要件之间联系密切。当数行为之间的牵连关系属于同一犯罪构成要件之间的牵连时,应认定为一罪,应按从一从重的处断原则处罚;反之,如果数行为属于数个不同犯罪构成要件之间的牵连,则构成数罪,应实行并罚。     

“醉酒型”危险驾驶罪的量刑标准——以司法理性与审判效率的契合为视角

鉴于＂醉酒型＂危险驾驶罪在《刑法修正案（八）》施行一年之际暴露出的诸多困境,司法实践应从出罪途径和量刑标准两个方面来破解定罪界限与量刑失衡现状：通过反证抽象危险的不存在及适用总则第13条来构建合理的出罪路径,以期坚守司法理性和刑法的谦抑性;通过量刑规范化来统一量刑标准和程序参与,确定从量刑起点直至宣告刑中各个环节的标准和影响幅度。从而＂以看得见的形式＂实现量刑的规范和公正,最大限度地实现司法的公正、效率和社会认可。     

保险诈骗罪第4款解释路径的法律分析

片面共犯由于违背共同故意要件因而不属于共同犯罪,其不能对保险诈骗罪第4款的法律性质作出合理的解释。保险诈骗罪第4款既不属于法律拟制和注意规定,也不属于想象竞合和法规竞合,其是法律文本主义的当然解释,亦是大竞合理论下,适用从一重处断原则的当然结果。     

金融犯罪案件的特点及防范对策

近年来,金融类犯罪案件高发,新型金融犯罪案件层出不穷,严重危害金融管理秩序以及金融交易安全。文章通过对金融犯罪案件的主要特点、案发原因的分析,提出遏制和防范金融犯罪、维护金融安全的对策。     

《监狱学导论》思路、结构和特色

大学教科书《监狱学导论》全书划分为六编,强调独特性或者独创性的内容。在写作本书的过程中,特别重视对于监狱学基本知识的论述。在论述很多内容时,不仅描述“是什么”,还着意论述“为什么”,而“为什么”的内容往往体现出较为突出的理论色彩。监狱的三大有形构成要素是监狱设施、监狱工作者和被监禁的罪犯。在这三大有形构成要素中,最关键、最重要的有形构成要素是监狱工作者。在理论构建上,提出了“犯因性差异理论”。     

Research on African Women since 1972: A Commentary

This article discusses several problematic aspects of the call for reparations to Africa for the slave trade. The call for reparations is based on questionable interpretations of international law, and questionable interpretations of history. There are debates regarding both the numbers of slaves, and the characteristics of slavery, in the Americas, the Arab world, and Africa itself, which influence consideration of whether reparations are justified. There are also debates regarding both the contribution of the trans-Atlantic slave trade to Western development, and how the trade under-developed Africa. Thus, the call for reparations is heavily based on a counterfactual approach. Nevertheless, serious discussion of whether the West owes reparations to Africa for the slave trade might deflect the future consequences of political resentment of the West in Africa.     

关于追缴犯罪所得的国际司法合作问题研究

作者根据我国目前在追缴犯罪所得方面国际司法合作的实践,列举了五个急需通过国内立法或者国际协议加以解决的问题,即:⑴如何根据外国的刑事司法协助请求对银行帐户资金实行扣划或者对有关的不动产实行处置;⑵如何在有关的追缴和返还合作中切实保护善意第三人和潜在权利人的合法权益;⑶如何在案犯外逃的情况下决定对属于犯罪所得的财产予以追缴和没收;⑷如何合理确定追缴程序中的举证责任;⑸如何处理发生在追缴合作中的费用补偿和收益分享问题。文章对外国的有关法律制度以及国际条约的相关规定进行了介绍和比较研究,在此基础上,就上述问题的解决提出如下建议:完善我国刑事诉讼中对赃款赃物的“简易处置”制度,增加配套的法院裁决程序;在我国建立承认与执行外国刑事罚没裁决的司法审查制度;在特定情况下将附带民事诉讼程序前移,并在条件成熟时设立独立的财产没收程序;变通现行的证据制度,要求特定案件中的财物持有人或者关系人承担关于合法来源或者善意享有的证明责任;本着互惠和务实的精神处理被追缴财物的国际分享问题,建立专门的基金组织将分享的资金转换为开展有关国际合作的资源。     

EGOHOODS AS WAVES WASHING ACROSS THE CITY: A NEW MEASURE OF “NEIGHBORHOODS”

Defining “neighborhoods” is a bedeviling challenge faced by all studies of neighborhood effects and ecological models of social processes. Although scholars frequently lament the inadequacies of the various existing definitions of “neighborhood,” we argue that previous strategies relying on nonoverlapping boundaries such as block groups and tracts are fundamentally flawed. The approach taken here instead builds on insights of the mental mapping literature, the social networks literature, the daily activities pattern literature, and the travel to crime literature to propose a new definition of neighborhoods: egohoods. These egohoods are conceptualized as waves washing across the surface of cities, as opposed to independent units with nonoverlapping boundaries. This approach is illustrated using crime data from nine cities: Buffalo, Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Dallas, Los Angeles, Sacramento, St. Louis, and Tucson. The results show that measures aggregated to our egohoods explain more of the variation in crime across the social environment than do models with measures aggregated to block groups or tracts. The results also suggest that measuring inequality in egohoods provides dramatically stronger positive effects on crime rates than when using the nonoverlapping boundary approach, highlighting the important new insights that can be obtained by using our egohood approach.     

HIGH TIMES FOR HATE CRIMES: EXPLAINING THE TEMPORAL CLUSTERING OF HATE‐MOTIVATED OFFENDING

This research explains the temporal clustering of hate crimes. It is hypothesized that many hate crimes are retaliatory in nature and tend to increase, sometimes dramatically, in the aftermath of an antecedent event that results in one group harboring a grievance against another. Three types of events are used to test and refine the argument: 1) contentious criminal trials involving interracial crimes, 2) lethal terrorist attacks, and 3) appellate court decisions concerning same‐sex marriage. The results from time‐series analyses indicate that contentious trial verdicts and lethal domestic terrorist attacks precede spikes in racially or religiously motivated hate crimes, whereas less evidence is found for antigay hate crimes after appellate court rulings that grant rights to same‐sex partners. The model put forth in this article complements prior work by explaining in part the timing of hate crime clusters.