氯霉素残留伏安免疫测试法的电化学条件

在间接竞争ELISA的基础上,建立了以碱性磷酸酶(ALP)-对硝基苯磷酸(pNPP)为反应体系的检测氯霉素(CAP)残留的伏安免疫方法,并对此法的电化学条件进行了详细的探讨。结果,在0.2 mol/L的B-R电解质溶液(pH3.0)中,当扫描速度为50 mV/s时,伏安法对硝基苯酚(PNP)的灵敏度最佳;且在1.2V处,该物质具有良好的氧化峰形。用此法测试CAP的检测下限达到0.064 ng/mL,检测线性范围为0.15~600 ng/mL。     

Gender and Gender-Role Orientation Differences on Adolescents' Coping with Peer Stressors

Gender and gender-role orientation differences were explored on adolescents' coping with peer stressors. Eighth-grade and ninth-grade public junior high school students (N = 285) completed the COPE, reporting the strategies they recently used to deal with a stressful peer-related situation. Measures of gender-role orientation (Bem Sex-Role Inventory) and demographic information also were obtained. Factor analysis of the COPE revealed 4 distinct coping factors: active, avoidant, acceptance, and emotion-focused. The most frequently reported stressful event was arguments/fights with same-sex friends. Girls reported more arguments/fights with opposite-sex friends. Boys reported more physical fights and threats. Students' ratings of how much the situation mattered were used as a covariate in a MANCOVA to compare coping by gender and gender-role orientation, to control for perceived stressfulness of situations. Significant gender-role orientation differences were found for active, acceptance, and emotion-focused coping.     

Strengthening Canadian Law Enforcement and Academic Partnerships in the Area of Online Child Sexual Exploitation: The Identification of Shared Research Directions

This article outlines the law enforcement response to online child sexual exploitation and identifies two key areas of research that would benefit from an academic focus—the link between online and offline child sexual exploitation offending, and the psychological health and wellness of online child sexual exploitation investigation employees. While there are several areas in need of research, these two areas demonstrate a unique opportunity for collaborative work. Also highlighted is a joint international research partnership among law enforcement, practitioners and academia that demonstrates the benefits of linking academic research interests with the practical needs of law enforcement. Last, are several suggestions for operationally relevant collaborative research in this area. Such opportunities bring together various areas of expertise, which will advance our understanding of the needs of victims, and improve victim support services.     

Banking supervision and the politics of verification: the 2014 stress test in the European Banking Union

The statistical methodology known in financial terminology as ‘stress testing’ was used by the European Central Bank in 2014 in order to assess the solidity of the banks in the eurozone. This audit process is analysed here as a problem of truth production or ‘veridiction’ in the sense developed by Michel Foucault in his 1978–1979 lectures at the Collège de France. In order to prove effective, the stress test had to deliver knowledge on banks, objectified and actionable at once, but also controlled by the idea of avoiding ‘market panic’. This epistemological dilemma is at the core of the politics of verification, which consists in the distribution of restraint and responsibility between non-risky and risky banks. This qualitative investigation is focused on France and is based on interviews with relevant policy actors and documentary analysis.     

八味芪丹胶囊联合依帕司他治疗2型糖尿病周围神经病变临床观察

目的 观察八味芪丹胶囊联合依帕司他治疗2型糖尿病周围神经病变的临床疗效及对患者血清铁蛋白及氧化应激指标的影响,探讨其可能的作用机制.方法 将62例糖尿病周围神经病变(diabetic peripher-al neuropathy,DPN)患者随机分成观察组和对照组,每组31例.两组均以个体化降糖为基础治疗,对照组另口服依帕司他,观察组在对照组疗法的基础上加用八味芪丹胶囊,疗程均为4周.分别采用中医证候评分、多伦多临床评分系统(Toronto clinical scoring system,TCSS)评定临床疗效,采用神经电检诊仪检测神经传导速度,采用化学比色法检测血清铁蛋白(serum ferritsn,SF),硫代巴比妥酸法检测丙二醛(malondial-dehyde,MDA)水平,化学发光法检测超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)水平.结果 治疗后两组患者中医证候评分、TCSS评分均较治疗前明显减少(P<0.05),且观察组减少程度大于对照组(P<0.05).治疗后两组患者神经传导速度均较治疗前明显提高(P<0.05),且观察组较对照组提高更为明显(P<0.05).治疗后两组患者血清SF、MDA水平均较治疗前明显降低(P<0.05),SOD水平明显升高(P<0.05);且观察组SF、MDA水平的降低程度以及SOD水平的升高程度均大于对照组(P<0.05).结论 八味芪丹胶囊联合依帕司他治疗2型糖尿病周围神经病变的疗效优于单用依帕司他,且能有效提高神经传导速度,其机制可能与调节铁代谢途径、改善氧化应激反应有关.     

基于SIRT1/PGC-1α通路探讨电针联合丰富康复训练对脑缺血大鼠氧化应激的影响

目的探讨电针联合丰富康复训练对脑缺血大鼠急性期神经损伤的保护机制。方法随机选取15只SD大鼠为假手术组,另将模型复制成功的大脑中动脉闭塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)模型大鼠60只随机分为模型组、电针组、丰富康复训练组(康复组)和电针联合丰富康复训练组(联合组),每组15只。假手术组和模型组不进行干预,电针组和联合组于“百会”“大椎”进行电针治疗;康复组和联合组予以丰富环境与康复训练,每次30 min,每日1次,连续治疗3 d。观察大鼠缺血侧皮质区脑血流量、组织形态学、阳性细胞率的动态变化,检测缺血侧皮质中丙二醛(malonic dialdehyde,MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)含量;RT-PCR检测沉默信息调节因子1(silent information regulator 1,SIRT1)、过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ共激活因子1α(peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator-1α,PGC-1α)、B淋巴细胞瘤-2(B-cell lymphoma-2,Bcl-2)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3,Caspase-3)及半胱氨酸蛋白酶-9(cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-9,Caspase-9)mRNA的表达水平。结果分组因素对缺血侧皮质中MDA、SOD水平和SIRT1、PGC-1α、Caspase-3、Caspase-9、Bcl-2 mRNA表达水平的主效应均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠脑血流量,SOD水平,SIRT1、PGC-1α、Bcl-2 mRNA表达水平均显著降低(P<0.05),阳性细胞率,MDA水平,Caspase-3、Caspase-9 mRNA表达水平均显著升高(P<0.05);与模型组比较,各治疗组SOD水平,SIRT1、PGC-1α、Bcl-2 mRNA表达水平显著上升(P<0.05),MDA水平和Caspase-3、Caspase-9 mRNA表达水平显著降低(P<0.05);联合组与电针组、康复组比较,上述各指标表达水平均有统计学意义(P<0.05);电针联合丰富康复训练对缺血侧皮质MDA、SOD水平和SIRT1、PGC-1αmRNA表达水平的影响具有交互作用(P<0.05),对Caspase-3、Caspase-9、Bcl-2 mRNA表达水平的影响无交互作用(P>0.05)。结论电针联合丰富康复训练可通过调控SIRT1/PGC-1α通路,提高抗氧化能力,改善神经细胞损伤,发挥神经保护作用。     

柴芍二至散治疗Graves病临床观察

目的 观察柴芍二至散治疗毒性弥漫性甲状腺肿（Graves病）的临床疗效及对谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH-Px）、丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）的影响,探讨其治疗Graves病的作用机制。方法 将60例肝虚痰结型Graves病患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各30例。对照组采用甲巯咪唑进行治疗,治疗组在对照组基础上加服柴芍二至散,两组疗程均为12周。比较两组中医证候疗效、甲状腺功能［游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸（free triiodothylamine,FT3）、游离甲状腺素（free thyroxine,FT4）、促甲状腺激素（thyroid stimulating hormone,TSH）］、血清促甲状腺受体抗体（thyrotropin receptor antibody,TRAb）、GSH-px、MDA水平。结果 与对照组比较,治疗组血清中FT3、FT4、TRAb水平显著降低（P＜0.05）,TSH水平显著升高（P＜0.05）;两组血清GSH-px、MDA水平均优于治疗前（P＜0.05）,治疗组改善更明显（P＜0.05）;治疗组中医证候疗效明显优于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 柴芍二至散治疗Graves病疗效显著,其机制可能与改善GSH-px、MDA的表达,调节机体抗氧化水平有关。     

Secondary traumatic stress and vicarious traumatization in child welfare professionals in Serbia

Child welfare professionals in diverse positions are exposed to a variety of traumatic events including family violence and child abuse and neglect. This secondary exposure puts child welfare workers at the risk of experiencing Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS) and Vicarious Traumatization (VT). For the first time in Serbia, this study quantitatively investigates whether STS and VT are present in child welfare professionals employed in the social welfare centers, foster care and adoption agencies, residential care programs, and shelters for children and youth. It attempts to identify whether the type of service, time exposure to clients, and supervision function as risk or protective factors for negative outcomes. A convenience sample comprised of 135 child welfare professionals completed a series of self-reported measures. Findings indicate that VT and STS are present in this population. Differences in the presence of STS and VT were found according to the types of services offered and length of exposure. Contrary to expectations, supervision was not a protective factor with regards to STS and VT in this population.     

A Qualitative Assessment of Stress Perceptions Among Members of a Homicide Unit

Existing research on stress among police assumes the presence of uniform stressors across job roles and borrows upon generic stress instruments to tap stress types and levels. The present study draws upon interviews with 26 members of a metropolitan homicide unit to provide an inductive vantage point on stress perceptions within a specialized area of policing. We provide evidence that the occupational and organizational forms of stress detailed by these officers are shaped largely by the unique nature of homicide work. Among the unique task-related stressors observed include the complexities of homicide crime scenes, time pressures, cases assignment factors, paperwork demands, and long-term ownership over individual case files. A series of structural issues from both within and outside the police agency are identified as organizational stressors unique to homicide work. We conclude with a proposed theory of homicide investigator stress and implications for future research.     

马齿苋对热应激小鼠空肠HSP70及肝脏抗氧化能力的影响

旨在探究马齿苋水提物(aqueous extract of Portulaca oleracea L.)对热应激小鼠空肠HSP70含量及肝脏抗氧化能力的影响。选取40只昆明种小鼠,随机分为4组:空白组(C)、热应激组(HS)、马齿苋水提物组(AEP)、维生素C组(Vc),每组10只。热应激组于40℃±1℃环境下每天处理0.5 h,其余时间置于30℃±1℃条件下,C组放置于25℃±1℃,连续6 d后,将小鼠置于25℃±1℃之环境给药治疗7 d。在给药治疗开始后第3天和第7天眶窦采血,处死后采集小鼠空肠、肝脏,测定各组小鼠血清HSP70含量、肝脏SOD、MDA及GSH-Px含量及空肠黏膜HSP70 mRNA表达量的变化。结果显示,与C组比较,热应激可显著提高小鼠空肠黏膜HSP70 mRNA表达量(P<0.01),提高肝脏SOD、MDA和GSH-Px的活性水平(P<0.01)。与HS组比较,给予马齿苋水提物后,可有效降低热应激小鼠血清HSP70含量和空肠黏膜HSP70 mRNA表达量(P<0.01)及肝脏MDA的活性水平(P<0.05),但对SOD和GSH-Px的含量无显著影响(P>0.05)。结论:马齿苋水提物能够通过降低热应激小鼠的氧化应激反应,减少热应激小鼠体内HSP70的表达量,达到良好的抗热应激效果。