基于语音情感分析系统的语音压力测谎

目的探究语音情感分析系统(Layered Voice Analysis,LVA)在不同情况下的表现,并通过分析数据找出影响系统识别率的因素。方法设置两种不同场景对20名研究对象进行提问,并录音。通过LVA语音系统对语音样本进行分析,使用SPSS统计软件对系统生成的参数进行统计分析。结果在未告知研究对象实验真相的情况下LVA语音系统平均识别率为91.75%,要远高于研究对象在知情情况下的识别率。在询问过程中,当未涉及敏感问题时,随着时间的推移研究对象的心理压力逐渐减小。结论LVA语音系统具有良好的情感分析和识别能力,可为司法工作提供参考。     

The Impact of Mobbing and Job-Related Stress on Burnout and Health-Related Quality of Life: The Case of Turkish Territorial State Representatives

This study is to determine whether stress and mobbing are directly related to burnout; and whether burnout adversely affects the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of Turkish territorial state representatives (TSRs). The results established that stress was positively and significantly associated with the burnout of TSRs, while mobbing was positively and significantly related to the burnout. HRQoL was negatively associated with the burnout. The findings showed that propositions of the theoretical frameworks of the study and literature were consistent with one another.     

Traumatic Events and Symptoms Among Mexican Deportees in a Border Community

Research on traumatic events experienced among Mexicans deported from the United States is scant. Using clinical interviews, this study assessed the frequency of traumatic events and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among 47 Mexican deportees in a U.S.-Mexico border community. The majority of participants (98%) reported having experienced one or more traumatic events (M = 9, SD = 5) and nearly half met DSM-IV-TR criteria for PTSD. Meeting criteria for PTSD was associated with a higher number of traumatic events. Results suggest that prevention, intervention, and policy efforts are necessary to improve the well-being of this understudied immigrant subgroup.     

The influence of sense of coherence,self-care and work satisfaction on secondary traumatic stress and burnout among child and youth residential care workers in Switzerland

The present study aimed to investigate the incidence of post-traumatic and secondary traumatic stress as well as burnout symptoms among child and youth welfare workers in residential care in Switzerland and to assess the predictive value of sense of coherence, self-care, and job satisfaction. A sample of 319 child welfare professionals in Swiss child and youth residential care was assessed using questionnaires that addressed sense of coherence, perceived collective efficacy, self-care, and work satisfaction, as well as symptoms of traumatic stress and burnout. Linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the influence of sense of coherence, self-care and job satisfaction on symptoms of burnout and traumatic stress. Enhancing sense of coherence, work-related self-care and work satisfaction could reduce stress symptoms and increase the well-being of child and youth welfare staff. The authors discuss how child and youth residential care institutions could improve these factors among their staff.     

谈警察临战应激

应激,是在出现应急事件时产生的高度紧张的情绪状态。应激可能来自方方面面,包括:环境因素、生活因素、工作和学习因素以及突发事件等等。只要当环境需求超过了个人处理能力时,应激就会产生。适度应激,能增强机体的适应能力,提高完成任务的效率和质量。超强度的应激,会对机体产生损害,降低完成任务的效率和质量。临战应激,是警察在临战中产生的一种有着鲜明职业特征的情绪状态。临战应激的性质,决定临战成败。当前形势下,应急事件越来越频发,应激发生越来越频繁,对警察临战的影响越来越大。临战警察的应激能力正受到人们越来越广泛的重视。     

Adolescents’ Mental Health Outcomes According to Different Types of Exposure to Ongoing Terror Attacks

This study investigates the impact of several types of exposure to terror attacks on adolescents’ psychological outcomes in the context of ongoing terror. A total of 913 adolescents (51% girls) aged 12 to 18 years (12–13.6 = 33%; 13.7–15.6 = 38%; 15.7–18 = 28%) took part in the study. Detailed data were collected concerning objective, subjective and “mixed” types of exposure to terror, as well as demographics, post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), emotional and behavioral problems and overall psychological and psychiatric difficulties. Subjective exposure was found to be the most important contributor to adolescents’ post-traumatic stress and other mental health problems in this context. Gender also had important effects. The effects of objective and mixed types of exposure, as well as age, were less prominent. We did find, however, that the more adolescents consulted media, the less they experienced behavioral and emotional problems. Given that subjective experiences appear to be the best factor in explaining mental health outcomes when adolescents are confronted with persistent terror, the cognitive and emotional dynamics along with the coping behavior linked to such experiences merit further investigation.

Posttraumatic Stress as a Mediator of the Relationship Between Trauma and Mental Health Problems Among Juvenile Delinquents

This study investigated the interrelationships among trauma exposure, PTSD, and mental health problems in a sample of 289 adolescents (199 male, 90 female) detained in a juvenile correctional facility. Mean differences were found in that females scored higher than males on measures of interpersonal trauma exposure and symptoms of both simple and complex PTSD. Females also endorsed more mental health problems in the areas of depression/anxiety, somatic complaints, and suicidal ideation. For all youth, trauma exposure, PTSD, and mental health problems were correlated. Results of structural equation modeling were consistent with the hypothesis that PTSD mediates the relationship between interpersonal trauma and mental health problems for all youth, although the results were stronger for females.

Financial and Political Factors Motivating the Privatisation of Municipal Water Services

Financial and political factors are widely considered to be an explanatory factor of the privatisation of public services. However, the empirical evidence in this respect is not convincing. This paper considers elements of long-term financial condition and ideological and political strength, together with other socio-economic factors and the effects of the current global financial crisis, to address the financial stress–privatisation relationship, with respect to urban water services, observed during the period 2002–2012 in Spanish municipalities. A discrete time survival model is applied, and the results obtained show that certain elements of financial condition, together with political and ideological factors, are decisive influences in decisions to privatise urban water services. We also highlight the major impact of the Great Recession and its effect on the financial stress–privatisation relationship.     

Theoretical Perspectives on Post-Migration Adaptation and Psychological Well-Being among Refugees: Towards a Resource-Based Model

Research on the psychological well-being of refugees has focusedon deficiencies within individuals either in terms of psychiatricsymptoms or feelings of distress. To achieve a more holisticview of the life experiences of refugees, we need to look atthe limitations of our current theoretical models. This articlecritically examines some of the major theoretical approachesthat have guided research on the psychological well-being ofrefugees: the medical model, the psychosocial stress model andBerry's (1997) ‘acculturation framework’. It goeson to examine Hobfoll's (2001) Conservation of Resources stresstheory, a model which has important implications for refugeeresearch. Drawing upon the models reviewed, the last sectionoutlines a conceptual framework for adaptation among refugees.At the heart of it lies the concept of resources. However, resourcesmust be understood in terms of the individual's needs, personalgoals and the demands he or she encounters. Each of these conceptsmust be examined in the context of the pre-migration, flightand post-migration phases. The additional concept of constraintson the use of or access to resources is particularly relevantto the post-migration phase. Such a conceptual toolkit couldprove especially useful in going beyond quantitative data topresent the human stories of refugees. It could also sensitizeresearchers to the impact of host societies on the well-beingof refugees.     

逍遥散对慢性应激肝郁证模型小鼠卵泡发育障碍的影响

目的 观察逍遥散对慢性应激致肝郁证模型小鼠卵泡发育障碍的作用。 方法 将雌性ICR小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组和逍遥散组,每组20只。采用慢性不可预见应激复制肝郁证小鼠模型,促性腺激素促排方法观察排卵数,苏木精-伊红染色法观察各级卵泡发育情况,酶联免疫吸附试验检测卵泡内分泌雌二醇、孕酮功能。 结果 与正常组比较,模型组小鼠排卵数、正常次级卵泡和窦卵泡数、血浆雌二醇和血清孕酮水平显著减少（P<0.05）,闭锁次级卵泡和窦卵泡数显著增加（P<0.05）;逍遥散组上述指标较模型组显著逆转（P<0.05）。 结论 逍遥散可改善慢性应激致肝郁证小鼠的卵泡发育,促进小鼠排卵和生殖内分泌功能。