心理应激反应人群中医证候形成的相关因素分析

目的 探究心理应激反应人群中医证候形成的相关影响因素。方法 采用横断面流行病学调查方法。采用90项症状自评量表、自评焦虑量表、自评抑郁量表筛选心理应激人群,采用生活事件量表、特质应对方式问卷、领悟社会支持量表、中医五态性格测量表测评应激原及性格心理特质,采用中医四诊信息采集表采集中医证候信息并进行辨证分型。结果 2 156例心理应激反应人群中,有典型证候者1 233例,无典型证候者923例。在负性生活事件刺激量、工作相关问题、家庭相关问题这3个应激原的得分方面,在中医五态性格的太阳、少阳、太阴及阴阳平和这4个因子得分方面,在艾森克个性问卷的内外向因子、情绪稳定性因子方面,以及在特质应对方式和社会家庭支持度方面,有典型证候人群与无典型证候人群比较,以及具有不同类型证候的心理应激反应人群之间比较,差异均具有统计学意义（P<0.05,或P<0.01）。〖HT5H〗结论 心理应激反应人群中医证候的形成与人群的心理特质及社会因素有关。     

新藤黄酸通过内质网应激诱导人结肠癌HCT116细胞凋亡的研究

目的 研究新藤黄酸（gambogenic acid,GNA）诱导人结肠癌HCT116细胞凋亡的机制。方法 采用不同浓度的GNA作用细胞24 h,对照组是相同浓度GNA加内质网应激抑制剂4-苯基丁酸（4-phenylbutyric acid,4-PBA）共同作用HCT116细胞24 h。采用甲基噻唑基四唑（methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium,MTT）染色测定两组细胞增殖抑制率的差异,采用吖啶橙（acridine orange,AO）和溴化乙锭（ethidium bromide,EB）染色观察细胞的形态学变化,采用膜联蛋白Ⅴ（Annexin Ⅴ, AV）-异硫氰酸荧光素（fluorescein isothiocyanate, FITC）/碘化丙碇（propidium iodide, PI）双重染色检测细胞凋亡率。结果 内质网应激抑制剂4-PBA可以缓解GNA对HCT116细胞增殖的抑制作用;AO/EB染色后荧光显微镜观察发现GNA作用的细胞具有凋亡特征;流式细胞仪检测显示4-PBA可降低HCT116细胞的凋亡率。结论 GNA能抑制人结肠癌细胞HCT116增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,其诱导细胞凋亡的作用可能与内质网应激途径有关。     

经鼻给药沉香精油对单次长时间应激小鼠PTSD样行为及海马GluN2A、GluN2B表达的影响

目的 评价经鼻给药沉香精油对单次长时间应激（single-prolonged stress,SPS）诱导的小鼠创伤后应激障碍（posttraumatic stress disorder,PTSD）样行为的作用,并从突触的角度探讨其可能的作用机制。方法 通过气相色谱—质谱联用定性分析沉香精油主要成分;将C57BL/6小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、沉香精油低剂量组、沉香精油高剂量组和阳性药组\[罗利普兰(Rolipram,ROL)\],每组8只。采用行为学实验评价SPS小鼠的PTSD样行为：分别通过恐惧记忆测试实验检测小鼠恐惧凝滞时间,旷场和高架十字迷宫实验评价小鼠的焦虑样行为。Western blot法检测小鼠海马组织N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体（N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor,NMDAR）2A亚单位（GluN2A）、2B亚单位（GluN2B）蛋白表达水平。结果 沉香精油样品中共检测到117种挥发性成分。动物实验结果表明,与正常组比较,模型组小鼠表现出强烈的焦虑样行为及恐惧记忆消退异常（P＜0.05）,而沉香精油及阳性药ROL可明显改善SPS小鼠的异常行为（P＜0.05）,并逆转GluN2A、GluN2B的异常表达（P＜0.05）。结论 经鼻给药沉香精油对SPS诱导的小鼠PTSD样行为具有改善作用,其机制可能与调控GluN2A、GluN2B蛋白表达有关。     

伪装创伤后应激障碍的识别

创伤后应激障碍的鉴定是近年来司法精神病学实践中经常遇到的问题,其中如何识别诈病者也相应地成为业内人员关注的焦点之一。但是由于此障碍所涉及的创伤性事件多种多样,症状表现纷繁复杂,且信息来源主观性成分较大,同时又易有其他多种精神疾患与之共病,因而要作出完全正确的诊断或鉴定结论相当困难。本文通过对大量文献资料的归纳整理,分析了国内外在有关伪装创伤后应激障碍的表现特点、识别方法和测试手段等领域开展的研究现状,期望能为精神疾病司法鉴定中处理相关问题提供一定的帮助和参考。     

压力与警察身心健康

在所有压力性职业中,警察工作所承受的心理压力指数高居首位。警察职业面临着挑战和压力,警察在压力之下心理健康易出现问题,警察工作压力对警察身心健康的影响很大,压力与生理症状、压力与心理反应症状和压力与行为表现几方面关系密切。     

Stress and Deception in Speech: Evaluating Layered Voice Analysis*

Abstract: This study was designed to evaluate commonly used voice stress analyzers—in this case the layered voice analysis (LVA) system. The research protocol involved the use of a speech database containing materials recorded while highly controlled deception and stress levels were systematically varied. Subjects were 24 each males/females (age range 18–63 years) drawn from a diverse population. All held strong views about some issue; they were required to make intense contradictory statements while believing that they would be heard/seen by peers. The LVA system was then evaluated by means of a double blind study using two types of examiners: a pair of scientists trained and certified by the manufacturer in the proper use of the system and two highly experienced LVA instructors provided by this same firm. The results showed that the “true positive” (or hit) rates for all examiners averaged near chance (42–56%) for all conditions, types of materials (e.g., stress vs. unstressed, truth vs. deception), and examiners (scientists vs. manufacturers). Most importantly, the false positive rate was very high, ranging from 40% to 65%. Sensitivity statistics confirmed that the LVA system operated at about chance levels in the detection of truth, deception, and the presence of high and low vocal stress states.     

Domestic Violence and Maternal Reports of Young Children’s Functioning

Maternal reports of 60 preschool-aged children were used to investigate trauma responses to living in households where domestic violence was present. Post-trauma symptoms were measured using developmentally modified criteria based on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Mothers’ level of anxiety, depression, somatization, and self-reported parenting stress were also assessed. Results suggested that, in addition to clinical levels of Internalizing, Externalizing and Total Problem scores on the CBCL, young children displayed a range of post-trauma symptoms. Mothers reported a high level of violence, and a significant relationship was found between self-reported levels of distress and parenting stress. Parenting stress was found to be the strongest predictor of children’s scores on the CBCL. Although domestic violence alone was not significantly correlated to child outcomes, results indicated that maternal distress adversely impacted on the parent-child relationship. The importance of the child’s relationship with the primary caregiver was discussed. Implications regarding further research, developmentally appropriate diagnostic criteria, and early interventions with the primary caregiver are highlighted.     

Evaluation of the NITV CVSA

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a commonly used voice stress analyzer, the National Institute of Truth Verification's (NITV) Computer Voice Stress Analyzer (CVSA), using a speech database containing materials recorded (i) in the laboratory, while highly controlled deceptive and shock-induced stress levels were systematically varied, and (ii) during a field procedure. Subjects were 24 each males/females (age range 18-63 years) drawn from a representative population. All held strong views on an issue and were required to make sharply derogatory statements about it. The CVSA system was then evaluated in a double-blind study using three sets of examiners: (i) two UF scientists trained/certified by NITV in CVSA operation, (ii) three experienced NITV operators provided by the manufacturer and (iii) five experimental phoneticians. The results showed that the "true positive" (or hit) rates for all examiners ranged from chance to somewhat higher levels (c. 50-65%) for all conditions and types of materials (e.g., stress vs. unstressed, truth vs. deception). However, the false-positive rate was just as high - often higher. Sensitivity statistics demonstrated that the CVSA system operated at about chance level.     

论警察心理支持系统的构建

在社会变迁的过程中,基于职业特点,警察心理压力不断增加,心理应激越来越多。警察心理健康状况不断恶化的问题亟待关注和解决,警察心理支持系统的构建刻不容缓。警察心理支持系统包括政府支持、组织支持、家庭支持、朋辈支持、环境支持。