新藤黄酸通过内质网应激诱导人结肠癌HCT116细胞凋亡的研究

目的 研究新藤黄酸（gambogenic acid,GNA）诱导人结肠癌HCT116细胞凋亡的机制。方法 采用不同浓度的GNA作用细胞24 h,对照组是相同浓度GNA加内质网应激抑制剂4-苯基丁酸（4-phenylbutyric acid,4-PBA）共同作用HCT116细胞24 h。采用甲基噻唑基四唑（methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium,MTT）染色测定两组细胞增殖抑制率的差异,采用吖啶橙（acridine orange,AO）和溴化乙锭（ethidium bromide,EB）染色观察细胞的形态学变化,采用膜联蛋白Ⅴ（Annexin Ⅴ, AV）-异硫氰酸荧光素（fluorescein isothiocyanate, FITC）/碘化丙碇（propidium iodide, PI）双重染色检测细胞凋亡率。结果 内质网应激抑制剂4-PBA可以缓解GNA对HCT116细胞增殖的抑制作用;AO/EB染色后荧光显微镜观察发现GNA作用的细胞具有凋亡特征;流式细胞仪检测显示4-PBA可降低HCT116细胞的凋亡率。结论 GNA能抑制人结肠癌细胞HCT116增殖,诱导细胞凋亡,其诱导细胞凋亡的作用可能与内质网应激途径有关。     

经鼻给药沉香精油对单次长时间应激小鼠PTSD样行为及海马GluN2A、GluN2B表达的影响

目的 评价经鼻给药沉香精油对单次长时间应激（single-prolonged stress,SPS）诱导的小鼠创伤后应激障碍（posttraumatic stress disorder,PTSD）样行为的作用,并从突触的角度探讨其可能的作用机制。方法 通过气相色谱—质谱联用定性分析沉香精油主要成分;将C57BL/6小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、沉香精油低剂量组、沉香精油高剂量组和阳性药组\[罗利普兰(Rolipram,ROL)\],每组8只。采用行为学实验评价SPS小鼠的PTSD样行为：分别通过恐惧记忆测试实验检测小鼠恐惧凝滞时间,旷场和高架十字迷宫实验评价小鼠的焦虑样行为。Western blot法检测小鼠海马组织N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体（N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor,NMDAR）2A亚单位（GluN2A）、2B亚单位（GluN2B）蛋白表达水平。结果 沉香精油样品中共检测到117种挥发性成分。动物实验结果表明,与正常组比较,模型组小鼠表现出强烈的焦虑样行为及恐惧记忆消退异常（P＜0.05）,而沉香精油及阳性药ROL可明显改善SPS小鼠的异常行为（P＜0.05）,并逆转GluN2A、GluN2B的异常表达（P＜0.05）。结论 经鼻给药沉香精油对SPS诱导的小鼠PTSD样行为具有改善作用,其机制可能与调控GluN2A、GluN2B蛋白表达有关。     

School-based Stress Management Training for Adolescents: Longitudinal Results from an Experimental Study

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a school-based universal preventive stress management training program for early and middle adolescents in comparison with a no-treatment control group. The study examined the intervention effects of age (early versus middle adolescents) and gender on perceived stress, interpersonal coping, and self-efficacy prior, immediately after as well as 3 months after the intervention. Three hundred and twenty adolescents (ages 10–14 years) participated in the study. Whereas both experimental conditions did not differ substantially in baseline scores, the experimental group scored higher on perceived self-efficacy compared to the control group at the follow-up assessment. Additionally, the experimental group showed less perceived stress and more adaptive coping at the post and follow-up assessment. Age-dependent intervention effects suggested that early adolescents primarily benefited from the treatment. Although the effects must be replicated using a randomized design, the current findings reveal that the program does strengthen important protective factors for the psychosocial development of adolescents.

压力与警察身心健康

在所有压力性职业中,警察工作所承受的心理压力指数高居首位。警察职业面临着挑战和压力,警察在压力之下心理健康易出现问题,警察工作压力对警察身心健康的影响很大,压力与生理症状、压力与心理反应症状和压力与行为表现几方面关系密切。     

General-Purpose Local Government Defaults: Type,Trend, and Impact

Local governments default on bonds when they fail to comply with the monetary and nonmonetary aspects of the debt contracts. Analyses of defaults have relied on reports from credit rating agencies, which include only rated bonds undergoing monetary defaults. Using a unique and comprehensive dataset of defaults, we examine all general-purpose government defaults from 2009 to 2015 and find defaults to be more common than previously reported. We present a typology of defaults and characteristics of defaulted bonds. Most defaults occur among nongeneral obligation bonds and did not affect the yield of future, unrelated credits of the same issuer, providing support to the credit segmentation hypothesis.     

警察心理压力问卷调查分析

警察职业是高风险、高负荷、高强度的"三高"职业,压力普遍较大。压力是外界要求与个体自身能力、或个体价值需求与外部条件不相匹配而产生的难以应付的身心紧张状态。通过对在职民警的警察心理压力问卷调查及相关分析、差异检验等实证的分析,进一步认清警察心理压力的产生。     

Research on the Dynamic Effect of China’s Financial Stress and the Macro-economy in the New Era

With regard to China’s economic and financial characteristics in new era, this paper constructs the China’s Financial Stress Index with financial market leading indicators to measure China’s financial risk during January 2002 and June 2016. Besides, this paper utilizes SVAR model to study the dynamic effect between financial stress and macro-economy. The results show that China is in the phase of high financial risk now, and it is likely to face higher long-term financial stress. The financial risk itself is inertial and has a significant negative influence on the confidence of economic players and the real estate market. The confidence of economic players and the fluctuation in the real estate market obviously reflect the financial stress. Such reflection will last for a long time and the influence of financial stress goes stronger with the lapse of time and has an obvious lagged effect.     

Stress-related temporary hearing loss--evaluation of bio-humoral parameters: forensic and criminological applications

The body-alarm reaction results from the activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, which can lead to physio-psychological phenomena such as an exclusion/occlusion of the sense of hearing. One hypothesis to explain this alteration consists in a hydromechanical dysfunction of the internal ear attributable to antidiuretic hormone. In this study, we evaluated the perception of acoustic stimuli administered in stressful conditions in 14 phobic patients and in 20 healthy subjects, in order to assess the influence of stress on perceiving capabilities. We also measured the concentration of salivary cortisol and IL-1β and neurovegetative parameters to objectivise and quantify the physiological reactions. Our results show a worse perception of the frequencies of the human voice under stress; these findings could have a dual value: in the legal field, concerning criminal liability, and on the operative context, regarding the efficiency of verbal communication among law enforcement officers in situations inducing intense emotional stress.     

不同年龄下颌骨应力分布与骨折发病率的关系

目的分析不同年龄的下颌骨正中受力时,下颌骨三维有限元分布的差异。方法选用儿童、中年和老年的下颌骨,采用螺旋CT扫描,MIMICS软件建模,HYPERMESH软件划分单元,ANSYS进行三维有限元应力分布分析。结果三种年龄下颌骨最大的平均综合应力均出现在下颌角;中年的下颌颈有应力的分布,但老年和儿童的下颌颈几乎没有应力的分布。结论下颌骨应力的分布与骨折的发病率相关,不同年龄下颌骨应力的分布与骨折的高发年龄相关。     

Human Factors Effecting Forensic Decision Making: Workplace Stress and Well‐being

Over the past decade, there has been a growing openness about the importance of human factors in forensic work. However, most of it focused on cognitive bias, and neglected issues of workplace wellness and stress. Forensic scientists work in a dynamic environment that includes common workplace pressures such as workload volume, tight deadlines, lack of advancement, number of working hours, low salary, technology distractions, and fluctuating priorities. However, in addition, forensic scientists also encounter a number of industry‐specific pressures, such as technique criticism, repeated exposure to crime scenes or horrific case details, access to funding, working in an adversarial legal system, and zero tolerance for “errors”. Thus, stress is an important human factor to mitigate for overall error management, productivity and decision quality (not to mention the well‐being of the examiners themselves). Techniques such as mindfulness can become powerful tools to enhance work and decision quality.