Childhood Sexual Abuse and Intimate Partner Violence among Women in Methadone Treatment: A Direct or Mediated Relationship?

Women in substance use treatment report rates of childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence that far exceed those reported by women in the general population. Previous research with nonrandom samples of women in substance use treatment suggests that there is a statistically significant relationship between childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence; however, little is known about the mechanisms of risk between these two public health concerns among this population of women. To address this gap in knowledge and to inform intervention strategies, this study examined direct and mediated relationships between childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence risk among a random sample of 416 women in methadone treatment. In addition to high rates of childhood sexual abuse (57.9%), intimate partner violence (lifetime prevalence, 89.7%; 6-month prevalence, 78.4%), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD, 28.6%), and global psychological distress (19.5%), findings suggest that the relationship between childhood sexual abuse and intimate partner violence is mediated by mental health problems and that women experiencing PTSD or global psychological distress are 2.7 and 2.4 times more likely to experience intimate partner violence than women without such experiences, respectively. Although not a mediator in this relationship, financial independence reduced women's risk of partner violence by two-thirds. The paper includes discussion of social learning and stress and coping theories to explicate the findings and to inform intervention strategies. This study is based, in part, on the first author's dissertation. A previous version of this paper was presented at the Society for Social Work and Research Annual Conference held in January 2005 in New Orleans, Louisiana. The following grants provided funding for this study: R01DA11027 and 3T32MH014623-22S1.     

产前热应激对仔鼠生殖腺GABA能神经元受体发育的影响

12只13d孕龄的母鼠随机被分为2组,每组6只,以探讨产前热应激对新生仔鼠生殖腺GABA能神经元受体发育的影响。试验组(热应激组)孕鼠置于42℃±0.31℃、相对湿度为36.7%±1.42%的热应激箱中至肛温达到41℃;对照组孕鼠置于常温对照箱里。之后放回笼中分笼饲养。在仔鼠出生后第1、3、5、7天分别剖取睾丸和卵巢进行Zamboni’s固定,常规石蜡切片及SABC免疫组织化学染色,在光学显微镜下用MiPrd软件检测各组织区域GABA受体免疫细胞阳性率和阳性灰度。结果显示,热应激组的GABAA受体免疫细胞阳性率与对照组无显著差异,但在新生1d的生殖腺区阳性灰度极显著增加;热应激组GABAB受体免疫细胞阳性率只在7d睾丸和5d卵巢显著增加,但其阳性灰度除7d卵巢外均显著增加。结果表明,产前热应激可能通过代偿机制显著增加仔鼠生殖腺GABA受体在细胞膜的密度,从而增强抑制性神经递质在发育中的作用,进一步阻碍新生仔鼠生殖腺的正常发育。     

SURVIVING BENCH STRESS

The article presents a discussion of judicial stress, along with proposed solutions. The authors gathered information on the topic of judicial stress from judges via a survey and attendance at two Association of Family and Conciliation Courts (AFCC) conventions. Some of the daily stressors endorsed by judges included endless caseloads, severe time limitations, social isolation, lack of privacy, and the weight of deciding the fates of others. It is important for our judges to be provided with ways of relieving and preventing burnout and stress. Proposed bench stress solutions include incorporating the Psychologist Advocate Program into the judicial system and creating specific guidelines for judges to take sabbaticals, which will serve to enhance our judicial system and the entire community.     

木浪河拱坝加高培厚三维有限元分析

木浪河拱坝加高工程为拱坝加高培厚成折线型重力坝,坝体加高幅度大、结构受力复杂.采用有限元分析软件ADINA的非线性接触功能模拟新老坝体的接触关系,对新老坝体结构在各种工况下的应力变形状况进行仿真分析,计算结果表明：在正常蓄水位工况下,加高培厚后的坝体能够较好地整体工作,新老坝体接触面没有脱开,但有较大范围的粘结滑移;新老坝体位移等值线分布存在明显差异,在新坝体与老坝体坝顶附近接触的部位由于新坝体的向下滑移受到约束而产生竖直向拉应力.在正常蓄水位回降至死水位工况,原拱坝下游面与新坝体上游接触面存在大面积的脱开区,但脱开度基本在4mm以内,可通过加密锚筋减小脱开区;在该工况下,原拱坝坝顶上部的新坝体则因结合面的错动而出现顺河向的水平拉应力.     

少数民族大学生压力研究的问题与对策

我国心理学家在研究少数民族大学生的压力特点及成因方面取得了一定的成果,但也存在一定的问题,本文提出了改进少数民族大学生压力研究的对策,为进一步开展少数民族大学生的心理研究探索方向。     

道路交通事故所致精神损害的法医学评价

目的研究RTA所致PTSD的相关法医学问题,为司法实践中精神损害赔偿提供科学依据和司法建议。方法对156例因RTA申请伤残程度鉴定的被鉴定人,通过临床精神病学检查确定PTSD的诊断,法医临床学检查评定躯体损伤的伤残程度,并通过问卷调查进一步确定受害人的心理社会状态。结果156例被调查对象PTSD发生率为51.92%。男女PTSD的发生率具有统计学的显著性差异;随着伤残程度的严重性增加,发生PTSD的可能性也随着增加;PTSD组与非PTSD组在生活质量总均分和生理、心理、社会关系、环境四个维度以及焦虑、抑郁的各项得分中都有显著性差异;获得赔偿将明显降低PTSD的发生率。结论RTA作为创伤性事件,申请赔偿的RTA受害人存在较高的PTSD发生率,获得良好的赔偿可以明显地降低申请赔偿的RTA受害人PTSD的发生率。     

A Meta-Analytic Review of the Effects of High Stress on Eyewitness Memory

In the past 30 years researchers have examined the impact of heightened stress on the fidelity of eyewitness memory. Meta-analyses were conducted on 27 independent tests of the effects of heightened stress on eyewitness identification of the perpetrator or target person and separately on 36 tests of eyewitness recall of details associated with the crime. There was considerable support for the hypothesis that high levels of stress negatively impact both types of eyewitness memory. Meta-analytic Z-scores, whether unweighted or weighted by sample size, ranged from –5.40 to –6.44 (high stress condition–low stress condition). The overall effect sizes were –.31 for both proportion of correct identifications and accuracy of eyewitness recall. Effect sizes were notably larger for target-present than for target-absent lineups, for eyewitness identification studies than for face recognition studies and for eyewitness studies employing a staged crime than for eyewitness studies employing other means to induce stress.     

邓小平的处理历史问题“宜粗不宜细”与实事求是

"文革"结束后不久,面对如山积案和迫在眉睫的现代化建设,邓小平提出处理重大历史问题"宜粗不宜细",同时,他又反复强调坚持实事求是."宜粗不宜细"原则在概括总结和抓大放小层面上是实事求是的内在要求;在适当规避层面上,邓小平把人民利益置于首位,实现了规避与实事求是的统一.     

警察工作倦怠及其干预

警察工作倦怠是警察长期处于工作压力下的一种极端反应,它是包括情绪耗竭、人格解体、个人成就感降低在内的一种综合症候群。警察的工作倦怠问题的产生有其职业、社会环境、组织管理和个人特征方面的原因。工作倦怠会破坏警察的身心健康,降低其工作绩效。最后,文章还对如何解决警察的工作倦怠问题提出了一些建设性的建议。     

英语读音引起的歧义种种

语音在英语学习中占有举足轻重的地位,它直接影响着学习者的英语水平。读音不同可能产生语义不同而引起别人误解,影响交流。重音、同音异义、连读、失去爆破等读音不同都可能引起歧义。因此,在学英语过程中要重视读音以更好地掌握英语,用准确的英语进行交流。