公共管理学思想源流探析

公共管理学的思想源流汇集政治学、经济学、管理学等多学科的理论体系及其方法。其历史沿革要追溯到公共行政学的由来;新公共管理有公共政策途径和企业管理途径两种概念演进途径;当代公共管理学的理论基础源自公共选择理论、新制度经济学等。     

学习方式的转变：热点冷观

根据学生学习的主动性和创新性程度,学习方式可分为机械接受学习、意义接受学习、发现学习、研究型学习并组成一个完整的序列.学习方式的转变受制约于教师的教育思想、教育情境、教育条件、教育内容和学生的年龄特征及个别差异.教师教育观念的更新、策略式教学水平的提高、教育评价体制和社会文化的变革是学习方式转变的根本保障.在转变学生学习方式时,必须处理好弥补劣势与保持优势、学生主体与教师主导、动手学习与动脑学习、培养能力与掌握知识等方面的关系.     

Analysing the European Union's responses to organized crime through different securitization lenses

In the past 30 years, organized crime (OC) has shifted from being an issue of little, or no concern, to being considered one of the key security threats facing the European Union (EU), the economic and political fabric of its society and its citizens. The purpose of this article is to understand how OC has come to be understood as one of the major security threats in the EU, by applying different lenses of Securitization Theory (ST). More specifically, the research question guiding this article is whether applying different ST approaches can lead us to draw differing conclusions as to whether OC has been successfully securitized in the EU. Building on the recent literature that argues that this theoretical framework has branched out into different approaches, this article wishes to contrast two alternative views of how a security problem comes into being, in order to verify whether different approaches can lead to diverging conclusions regarding the same phenomenon. The purpose of this exercise is to contribute to the further development of ST by pointing out that the choice in approach bears direct consequences on reaching a conclusion regarding the successful character of a securitization process. Starting from a reflection on ST, the article proceeds with applying a “linguistic approach” to the case study, which it then contrasts with a “sociological approach”. The article proposes that although the application of a “linguistic approach” seems to indicate that OC has become securitized in the EU, it also overlooks a number of elements, which the “sociological approach” renders visible and which lead us to refute the initial conclusion.     

Stabilizing Somalia: can the EU's comprehensive approach work?

States with limited statehood such as Somalia can cause transnational security challenges. The emergence of an insurgent group with links to Al Qaida and piracy emanating from its coast are cases in point. In this article, we tackle the question of whether the EU's comprehensive approach toward Somalia is working. To do this, we analyze its effectiveness, its legitimacy, and the influence of power by appraising three characteristics of the security governance concept in a critical manner. We conclude that the result is mixed. Even if the EU's comprehensive approach were perfect in a technical sense, it would still face restraints, because any solution has to come from Somali themselves. Not only should they be an integral part of it, they should become the real owners of the state-building process in the first place.     

提高反腐倡廉建设科学化水平的途径和措施

处于社会转型期的我国,腐败现象极为严重。全面提高反腐倡廉建设科学化水平,必须以科学发展观为指导,采取教育方式科学化,制度设计科学化,监督体系科学化,惩治机制科学化"四位一体"的思路和对策,为反腐倡廉建设科学化工作的不断深化提供理论支持和实践指导。     

价值·目标·途径:社会治理创新的系统思考

从"社会管理"到"社会治理",标志着执政党治国方略的重大转型。社会治理创新必须以公平正义、多元协商、合作共赢为价值基础,依循法治化、制度化的途径,建设一个健康和谐的社会,为国民创造幸福美好的生活。社会治理创新只有从价值、目标和途径等维度进行系统思考、统筹推进,才能不断提高其科学化水平。     

PARTICIPATION AND PERFORMANCE: DECENTRALISED PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION IN ETHIOPIA

This article discusses how decentralisation policies are enacted in the planning and implementation of natural resource management interventions in rural Ethiopia. A key element of decentralisation policy is the emphasis on greater participation by local communities. Drawing on qualitative research conducted with government staff and farmers, this paper illustrates how different actors perceive and implement national policy and how these actions affect the longer‐term sustainability of land management interventions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

公民参与式民主理论的拓展——异体问责的视角

公民参与式民主能够完善异体问责的理论和发展路径,而异体问责作为公民参与式民主的重要体现,能够为公民参与式民主的发展提供新视角。公民参与式民主理论强调公民与政府的双向互动,公民可以通过制度保证对政府管理进行监督问责,政府必须对公民监督问责做出积极回应并改善行政管理。民主模式从古希腊城邦的直接民主发展到近现代的代议制民主,20世纪中后期,随着时代的发展和科技的进步,参与式民主理论在对代议制民主的批判和重构中逐渐发展成熟。在该理论指导下的参与式民主实践逐步深入,从而加强了公民作为政府异体问责主体的地位,在具体实践中体现为宏观领域的行政民主、中观领域的电子民主、微观领域的工业民主。     

"预防—震慑—应急"一体化:中国海外安保供给模式新探

基于以人民安全为宗旨的总体国家安全观和“以人为本、外交为民”的领事保护理念,受冲突影响和高风险区域的海外机构、企业和公民的安全是中国海外安保供给体系的首要关切。后疫情时代的安全环境、安全威胁和安保内容的新变化凸显了海外安保的供需落差,如何通过完善海外安保供给体系来应对后疫情时代的挑战,成为总体国家安全治理不得不重视的紧迫性议题。根据风险/焦虑-威胁/恐惧-危机/恐慌的升级过程,可将海外安保区分为预防、震慑、应急三种类型,政府、军队、国际安保公司、社会组织和海外企业能够发挥各自不同的作用。在明晰中国海外安保“阶段-类型”及对应的多元供给主体职能的基础上,中国海外安保供给体系的完善需要在总体国家安全观理念指导下,遵循“预防-震慑-应急”一体化的供给模式,建构多元供给主体联动体系,从而弥补现有供给体系的不足,全面推进“海外中国平安体系”建设。     

商事仲裁庭组成程序的异化与修正——基于博弈论的分析

当事人合意选择仲裁员组成仲裁庭,是商事仲裁的特色之一。在仲裁实践中,由于仲裁规则的设置有利于申请人,组庭程序从选择双方共同信任的仲裁员异化为排除己方不信任的仲裁员。笔者试图运用博弈论的方法,从孤立博弈和序贯博弈角度分析组庭程序中当事人的行为,在分析名单法、边裁选定首席仲裁员方法的基础上提出组庭程序的意见和建议。