乡村集体企业的兴衰及“改制”的社会学剖析

乡村集体企业既是中国农民继家庭联产承包责任制之后的又一创举,从某种意义上说也是面对难以突破的城乡二元结构所采取的"无奈"之举。城市改革、国有企业的改革以及大量外资的引入、私营个体经济的高速发展,尤其是买方市场的普遍确立,都直接导致了数以万计的乡村集体企业陷入前所未有的危机。乡村集体企业从整体上的"改制"标志着人民公社体制的最终退出。不能将"超级村庄"作为乡村发展的高级阶段来理解,城乡一体化、城乡协调发展才是实现中国农村现代化的必由之路。     

警察院校擒拿格斗课学生受伤情况调查分析

擒拿格斗课程是警察院校各专业学生的必修课,其教学目标是使学生学会抓捕技巧和培养实战格斗能力。由于受到自然气候、训练场地、器材、学生身体素质、心理素质、教师教学方法、教学态度等因素的影响,在此过程中不可避免会出现学生受伤事件。建议设立专门的医疗机构、事故责任认定机构加强管理,通过学校、教研室、教师、学生的共同努力以减少隐患,为学生完成任务创造条件。     

Digital Realism and the Governance of Spam as Cybercrime

Spamming is a major threat to the formation of public trust in the Internet and discourages broader civil participation in the emerging information society. To the individual, spams are usually little more than a nuisance, but collectively they expose Internet users to a panoply of new risks while threatening the communications and commercial infrastructure. Spamming also raises important questions of criminological interest. On the one hand it is an example of a pure cybercrime – a harmful behaviour mediated by the Internet that is the subject of criminal law, while on the other hand, it is a behaviour that has in practice been most effectively contained technologically by the manipulation of ‘code’ – but at what cost? Because there is not an agreed meaning as to what constitutes ‘online order’ that renders it simply and uncritically reducible to a set of formulae and algorithms that can be subsequently imposed (surreptitiously) by technological processes. The imposition of order online, as it is offline, needs to be subject to critical discussion and also checks and balances that have their origins in the authority of law. This article deconstructs and analyses spamming behaviour, before exploring the boundaries between law and code (technology) as governance in order to inform and stimulate the debate over the embedding of cybercrime prevention policy within the code itself.     

Foundation Ownership and Financial Performance: Do Companies Need Owners?

A curious ownership structure is found in Northern Europe—foundations that own and operate business companies. The foundations are non-profit entities, they have no members and no owners, and they cannot be dissolved. In many cases, these entities control more than 50% of the votes in successful international companies. Obviously, this structure completely blocks the market for corporate control, but it also violates other basic principles of agency theory and corporate finance. Nevertheless, we present evidence that a sample of foundation-owned companies listed on the Copenhagen Stock Exchange are at least as efficient as other listed companies in terms of risk adjusted stock returns, accounting returns and Tobins Q. Thus, they question whether profit-seeking ownership is a necessary condition for competitive enterprise.JEL Classification: D23, G34, L31     

缩小居民收入差距的税收对策

征收个人所得税是缓解我国居民收入差距悬殊矛盾的有效办法.但目前我国个人所得税征管制度不够完善,常常出现"管得住工薪阶层,管不住新生贵族"的现象.当前只有加大税收征管力度,增强公民的纳税意识,"锁定"关键纳税人,才能充分发挥个人所得税在缩小居民收入差距方面的独特作用.     

《关于执行〈中华人民共和国行政诉讼法〉若干问题的解释》第53条第2款的理解与适用

《若干问题的解释》第53条第2款因没有区别复议决定不同的具体处理情况而作出有针对性的规定,存在违反行政法理论和在实践中无法适用的可能。该款可以考虑修改为:“复议决定改变原具体行政行为错误,人民法院判决撤销复议决定时,应当责令复议机关重新作出复议决定;但复议决定仅撤销原具体行政行为,或者在撤销原具体行政行为的同时责令被申请人在一定期限内重新作出具体行政行为的情况除外。”     

劳动者参与治理:国有企业制度创新的基本路径

我国国有企业治理制度表现出来的劳动者权益缺损,根源于国有企业产权界定模糊,即以资本产 权逻辑排斥劳动力产权。应从“劳动努力”出发,通过劳动者参与治理来创新国有企业治理制度。     

社会转型与中国乡村权力结构研究--传统文化、乡镇企业和乡政村治

党的十一届三中全会以来,我国农村的改革促进了乡村社会的转型,传统文化的复兴、乡镇企业的崛起、乡政村治的建立等等导致了乡村权力结构中包含的具有各自利益需求和交换关系的主体--国家、基层政府、社区组织、乡镇企业、村民等等--不同身份特征的获得,并决定了他们有可能占有的资源及其相互的利益关联.对11省14个村庄的调查和比较,再现了转型期乡村权力结构的调整和重构.     

宪法学教学法与考试改革浅议

根据宪法学课程体系具体内容及其特点,结合学院教学实际和学生的具体情况,应改进宪法学的教学方法,设计切实可行的课堂方案,实行案例教学法与启发式教学法相结合;适当的课堂讨论,激励学生其中;其同进行考试改革,以期提高宪法学的教学质量。     

对“检警一体化”的思考——从侦查程序监督机制优化角度考察

目前中国的侦查程序中不存在典型的“控、辩、裁三方相互制衡”的诉讼形态,带有极强的行政职权主义色彩。侦查程序与当事人主义、审判为中心的刑事司法改革目标难趋一致,成为刑事诉讼改革的焦点。实行检警一体化,实现两者职能的紧密结合,切实加强检察机关对侦查活动的监督,确立犯罪嫌疑人的诉讼主体地位,已刻不容缓。