Trends in the proportion of married women of reproductive age in Spain, 1887–1991

Using the Princeton nuptiality index I_m, we analyzed historical developments in the proportion of married women of reproductive age in Spain. We show the internal diversity in nuptiality patterns and offer an explanatory statistical model based on panel data analysis to identify the main variables influencing these changes over more than a century (1887–1991). We found that Spain has been the developed country with the greatest contrasts in its provincial nuptiality patterns (measured by I_m), although this diversity has lessened over the course of time. We also found that some socioeconomic variables (the gross domestic product per capita and the percentage of population living in cities) do not have a linear relationship with female nuptiality but rather have a U shape or an inverted U shape. This may partly account for some of the controversy that has raged on this topic over the past few decades on an international level.     

论大数据技术对公安工作的影响

大数据具有的4V特性决定了大数据技术将从多个角度和层面丰富侦查方式,提高了各类案件的侦破效率;以高科技预防高科技犯罪,做到打击迅速、减少损失,还百姓以现实的安全感;整合多种资源,引导社会运转,预见行为规律,构建令百姓满意的和谐治安环境;让公安工作始终开展的公正透明,百姓享有现实与虚拟环境里的平等权利;提供高效的管理手段和模式,不断推动社会管理的创新。全面认识大数据技术对公安工作的影响,有利于推动公安工作上台阶,不断实现新的突破。     

追求个人发展的新生代务工人员

新生代务工人员最基本特征是"追求个人发展"。而"追求个人发展"与现行"限制个人发展"的体制发生剧烈冲突。"限制个人发展"体制的转型是必然的。     

论完善个人信息保护法制的几个问题

个人信息保护是信息化过程中而产生的问题,在国外有关国家和地区早已掀起了个人信息保护立法的浪潮。鉴于此,本文立足于世界有关国家和地区个人信息立法的情况,对其中涉及逻辑基础、适用范围、原则及个人信息主体的权利、适用例外等问题进行了探讨。     

中国少数民族服饰研究发展的历程及几点思考

中国少数民族服饰研究伴随着新中国成立,走过了半个多世纪的历程。本文梳理和总结了民族服饰研究发展的阶段性成果与特点,并对当今民族服饰研究中的一些问题提出自己的见解。     

Metrological framework for selecting morphological characters to identify species and estimate developmental maturity of forensically significant insect specimens

Accurate age estimates of immature necrophagous insects associated with a human or animal body can provide evidence of how long the body has been dead. These estimates are based on species-specific details of the insects’ aging processes, and therefore require accurate species identification and developmental stage estimation. Many professionals who produce or use identified organisms as forensic evidence have little training in taxonomy or metrology, and appreciate the availability of formalized principles and standards for biological identification. Taxonomic identifications are usually most readily and economically made using categorical and qualitative morphological characters, but it may be necessary to use less convenient and potentially more ambiguous characters that are continuous and quantitative if two candidate species are closely related, or if identifying developmental stages within a species. Characters should be selected by criteria such as taxonomic specificity and metrological repeatability and relative error. We propose such a hierarchical framework, critique various measurements of immature insects, and suggest some standard approaches to determine the reliability of organismal identifications and measurements in estimating postmortem intervals. Relevant criteria for good characters include high repeatability (including low scope for ambiguity or parallax effects), pronounced discreteness, and small relative error in measurements. These same principles apply to individuation of unique objects in general.

Key points

• Metrological rigour can increase in forensic entomology by selecting measurements based on their metrological qualities.
• Selection of high-quality features for morphological identification of organisms should consider these criteria: (1) pronounced discreteness of features (minimising group overlap or maximizing interval); (2) high repeatability of assessment (such as symmetrical width rather than asymmetrical length); (3) small relative error in measurement (selecting the physically largest continuous rigid feature for measurement).
• These metrological principles also apply to individuation of unique objects in general.

     

Postmortem chest computed tomography for the diagnosis of drowning:a feasibility study

It may be difficult to distinguish the cause of death in drowning cases without specific findings. The aim of this study was to explore the forensic value of thoracic postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) using routine images and three-dimensional (3D) image reconstructions. The imaging data of PMCT examinations of six drowning cadavers, aged 21–54 years, were analyzed. Twelve victims of sudden death from coronary artery disease (CAD) were chosen as a control group. After 3D bilateral lung images were reconstructed using image processing software, an interactive medical image control system was used to measure and analyze parameters including lung volume, lung volume ratio, mean CT value of the whole lung, and lung CT value distribution curves. Lung volume and lung volume ratio were used to assess the shape changes of the lung. Lung CT value distribution curves showed the corresponding number of pixels of the different CT values in the lung image. Lung volume was not significantly larger in drowning cases (mean 2 958 cm³) than in controls (mean 2 342 cm³). Lung volume ratio values in the drowning group (mean 0.3156) were greater than those in the control group (mean 0.2763); (P = 0.02). There was no significant difference between the drowning and control group in the mean CT value of the whole lung. There were differences between lung CT value distribution curves in drowning victims and controls, with drowning victims showing a single peak and CAD cases showing a bimodal distribution. Thoracic PMCT is helpful for the forensic medical diagnosis of drowning. Lung volume ratio and lung CT value distribution are potential indicators to distinguish between drowning and CAD.     

关于前科制度的两个问题的探讨

前科无须以被实际科刑为前提,而应以单纯的有罪宣告作为构成前科的条件.前一犯罪被判处缓刑的犯罪人可以构成前科.     

居住权基本理论问题反思——评居住权的否定理由

否定居住权的各项理由值得商榷.脱离人役权的概念体系,在物权法中单独规定居住权也是可行的.人役权制度的废弃并非铁板一块的绝对真理.居住权制度具有无法为其他制度所替代的独特功能,它并未放弃对效益价值的追求,要辩证地理解居住权的不可转让性.在居住权法律关系中,保姆一般是间接受益人.     

个人大病求助互联网服务平台行政规制研究——以水滴筹为例

个人大病网络互助是目前我国应用最为广泛的个人求助形式,一定程度上能够弥补慈善组织社会救助之不足。实践中,个人大病求助互联网服务平台暴露出诸多问题。应从确立监管主体、明确权利义务、开立专门账户、设立第三方基金会、提高准入退出门槛等方面加强对个人大病求助互联网服务平台的行政规制,以营造良好的慈善氛围。