Assessment of PowerPlex® Fusion 5C’s ability to type degraded DNA

DNA samples collected at crime scenes are often degraded so this research focused on the ability of the Promega PowerPlex® Fusion 5C amplification kit to type both naturally and artificially degraded DNA.DNA was degraded naturally by placing equal volumes of blood on white fabric that was stored either inside, outside in a shaded area, or outside in direct sunlight. Samples were then collected every 10 days for 60 days and the DNA extracted (QIAamp® DNA Investigator). Artificially degraded samples were created by exposing extracted DNA to either UV light or 95 °C heat for varying times. DNA was also degraded artificially by placing blood samples into a 50% bleach solution for varying times prior to extraction.Following sample treatment, standard forensic DNA analysis was performed including quantification (Investigator® Quantiplex) and amplification (PowerPlex® Fusion 5C). Separation and detection were performed on an ABI 3130xl capillary electrophoresis unit and analysis was performed using GeneMapper ID v3.2.1.While the time and shade samples showed similar amounts of degradation, the samples exposed to direct sun showed more degradation. The artificially degraded samples showed more signs of degradation such as reduced overall peak height and peak height imbalance at heterozygous loci. There were also some cases where an allele that was known to be in the profile exhibited total dropout. Although there were some instances of both allelic dropout and heterozygote peak imbalance, PowerPlex® Fusion was able to reliably type degraded DNA as all alleles detected were consistent with the known donor profile. The results show that PowerPlex® Fusion is a robust kit capable of handling forensically challenged samples.     

浅析我国B2C电子商务的现状及发展趋势

互联网在中国的普及为网络购物提供了技术基础,越来越多的中国居民开始采用网络购物这一新兴购物方式。本文就我国B2C电子商务的现状进行分析,发现目前我国网络购物市场中B2C市场份额虽小,但发展潜力巨大,因此各方都看好B2C电子商务模式。从长远来看,B2C模式的电子商务因其自身具有的特点和优势将会成为未来网购市场的主导,而各种电子商务模式也会在未来不断融合,彼此之间的界限也越来越模糊。     

试论社会管理创新背景下的共青团职能转变

社会管理创新背景下共青团职能转变具有合法性、必然性。共青团参与社会管理创新具有政策上和法律上的依据。依据政治社会学中的国家-社会关系理论,积极参与社会管理创新,既是共青团在政治方向上响应党的号召所应该拿出的行动,也是共青团在新形势下转变自己的职能,通过社会功能的实现来实现政治功能的良好契机。共青团在参与社会管理创新中转变自身职能要坚持必要的原则,并找准着力点。     

酸枣仁皂苷A对脂多糖诱导星形胶质细胞C6氧化损伤的保护作用

目的 采用脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide,LPS）诱导星形胶质细胞C6的氧化应激模型,以研究酸枣仁皂苷A（Jujuboside A,JuA）的抗氧化活性。方法 体外培养大鼠星形胶质细胞C6。采用MTT法检测各组细胞的存活率,采用Western blot法检测星形胶质细胞标记蛋白（glial fibrillary acidic protein,GFAP）的活化情况,采用Griess还原法测定细胞上清液中一氧化氮（nitric oxide,NO）水平,采用流式细胞术检测各组细胞中活性氧（reactive oxygen species,ROS）水平,采用ELISA测定各组细胞内丙二醛（malondialdehyde,MDA）和谷胱甘肽（L-glutathione,GSH）水平以及超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）活性。结果 0.125～50 μmol/L JuA对C6细胞存活率无明显影响（P＞0.05）;1 μg/mL LPS可以明显升高C6细胞GFAP蛋白表达水平,显著升高细胞上清液中NO和细胞内ROS、MDA水平,降低细胞内GSH水平和SOD活性,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。与LPS组比较,12.5、25、50 μmol/L JuA可以明显抑制LPS诱导的GFAP表达,降低细胞上清液中NO水平,降低细胞内ROS、MDA水平,升高细胞内GSH水平和SOD活性,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 JuA对LPS诱导的星形胶质细胞氧化损伤具有一定的保护作用。     

Illusions of Relevance? An Australian Encounter with Malay History and Southeast Asian Security

A. C. Milner’s visiting inaugural at N.U.S. invites exploration of its author’s intellectual development, for he boldly claims a role for an Australian historian of Southeast Asia as a promoter of liberal governance for Southeast Asian societies, in face of militant Islamism. His earlier “postmodernist” commitment to “getting inside the Malay experience” constitutes some sort of precursor, but relativist scepticism fits as uncomfortably as does, in its own way, advocacy of Australian tolerance of Asian authoritarianism. In attacking Leifer’s Realism, the lecture seems ill-informed, while the post-war Oakeshott is scarcely relevant to the diverse societies of Southeast Asia.

Analysis of 4‐Bromo‐2,5‐DimethoxyphenethylamineAbuser's Urine: Identification and Quantitation of Urinary Metabolites

The metabolites of 4‐bromo‐2,5‐dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C‐B), a psychoactive drug with hallucinogenic activity, were investigated in a urine sample from a user of 2C‐B. The urine sample was deconjugated enzymatically and the metabolites were recovered by liquid–liquid extraction. The extract was analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry after derivatization, and the results were used to identify and quantitate the metabolites. 4‐Bromo‐2,5‐dimethoxyphenylacetic acid was the most abundant metabolite of 2C‐B in human urine and accounted for 73% of the total amount of detected metabolites, followed by 4‐bromo‐2‐hydroxy‐5‐methoxyphenylacetic acid (13%) and 4‐bromo‐2,5‐dimethoxyphenylethyl alcohol (4.5%). According to the literature, the main metabolites of 2C‐B in rat urine are N‐(4‐bromo‐2‐methoxy‐5‐hydroxyphenylethyl)acetamide and N‐(4‐bromo‐2‐hydroxy‐5‐methoxyphenylethyl)acetamide. However, these metabolites accounted for only a small proportion of the total amount of detected metabolites in human urine, which indicates that there are significant species‐specific differences in the metabolism of 2C‐B. 4‐Bromo‐2,5‐dimethoxyphenylacetic acid, which was the most abundant metabolite in human urine, is thought to be generated by deamination of 2C‐B by monoamine oxidase (MAO) followed by oxidation by aldehyde dehydrogenase. Our results suggest that MAO plays a crucial role in the metabolism of 2C‐B in humans.     

加强对富人的领导是新形势下执政党的重要任务

中国共产党自诞生之日起就是为广大人民谋利益的,通过民主建设、经济发展和改革开放,中国的财富总量激增且富人增多并出现了一些新情况新问题,因此,党在领导社会发展与变革的同时需要完善领导富人的政策和机制,以立法的方式确保富人们的经济利益;加大社会主义民主政治建设力度,完善人权保障机制,使富人们的政治民主权利得到保障。让富人们有更多的渠道行使社会事务管理权,同时也让他们承担更多社会责任。     

后单位制时代共青团管理方式的创新研究——以吉林省三个新型共青团基层组织为例

随着我国单住制社会的终结,作为我国最具影响力的青年组织——中国共产主义青年团遇到了重重困境,面临着由微观修补性的“进化”跃升到宏观系统性的“改革”的境遇。通过对长春市三个新型团组织的实地调研,可以发现这些团组织具有隶属关系的特殊性、组织目标的非正式性、动员方式的非传统性等共同特点。但同时,这些组织也存在着工作随意性大、组织发展较慢、受发起人或带头人的影响过大等不足。从组织设置上的差异化和组织内部的参与式管理两个方面入手,可以寻求团组织建设的新路径。     

九十年来共青团工作基本经验探析

90年来,共青团在党的领导下,创造了不平凡的成绩,留下了极为宝贵的经验：一是坚持中国共产党的领导;二是弘扬爱国主义精神;三是坚持以人为本;四是开拓创新;五是投身于为人民群众服务的伟大实践。