多光谱成像技术检验富士施乐C4300彩色激光打印复印一体机形成文件

目的研究富士施乐C4300彩色激光打印复印一体机形成文件的跟踪暗码,对富士施乐C4300彩色激光打印复印一体机形成文件进行识别。方法使用多光谱成像仪对6台富士施乐C4300彩色激光打印复印一体机形成的文件进行观察。结果该6台机器形成文件的跟踪暗码存在特征差异。结论通过跟踪暗码的差异,能够对富士施乐C4300彩色激光打印复印一体机形成文件进行识别。     

诉讼证明标准构造新论

在案件事实认定中,证明标准起着直接衡量全案证据链条复合证明力能否合理合法地推导出案件事实的重要作用。其结构基本都是由＂质＂与＂量＂两部分要素组成,我国诉讼法对证明标准的规定缺乏体系性和完整性,有必要借鉴国外成功经验加以完善。     

输血后丙肝法律责任探析

因输血感染丙型肝炎,这在我国已成为一个严重的社会问题。然而怎样对受害者所受到的损失予以充分的赔偿,却缺乏相应的法律规范予以明确规定,造成司法不统一。本文从输血后丙肝的责任原则以及责任主体着手,以此促进我国相关立法的完善。     

电子商务视角下的涉外民事协议管辖制度——以我国《民事诉讼法》第244条的修改和完善为中心

电子商务作为一种新经济手段,在挑战传统民商事管辖权理论的同时,也对我国《民事诉讼法》第244条的相关规定带来极大挑战。为应对这些挑战,诸如涉外因素判断标准的多元化、剔除实际联系标准、对不合理协议管辖进行规制以及承认电子消费合同中协议管辖的效力等方面应成为我国新《民事诉讼法》修改的基本趋向。     

电开信用证有关法律问题研究

本文就电开信用证 (信用证分为信开、电开两种 )的有关法律问题进行研究 ,并提出个人见解。     

在适应人类文明发展规律中拓展中国社会主义文明道路

社会主义文明必须遵循人类文明进程的基本规律。社会主义社会文明,是以物质文明、精神文明、政治文明为主体,以促进人的全面发展为实质和目标的文明进化过程。只有在人的全面发展基础上实现“三个文明”的有机统一,才是真正的高度文明的社会主义。     

Bring the party back in: Institutional design for ‘smart election fraud’

Autocrats face a dilemma. Continue with fraudulent electoral practices and risk revolt, or reduce fraud and risk losing elections. One solution is to structure electoral governance such that it allows for independence and professionalism at the center, lending credibility to the electoral process, and partisan local-level administration, enabling fraud at the micro level. Partisan poll workers can help deliver the vote by the use of ‘smart fraud’ – fraud that minimizes the risk of being caught and is used only when needed. In Armenia, the ruling party's vote share, as a proportion of all registered voters, increases with 2.5 percentage points in polling stations where the chairperson was randomly assigned to the ruling party. Fraud forensics suggests that one of the mechanisms behind this was falsification of the results protocol during the count. I conjecture that fraud is only used in high-stakes elections and that election observers are unable to detect it.     

Assessment of PowerPlex® Fusion 5C’s ability to type degraded DNA

DNA samples collected at crime scenes are often degraded so this research focused on the ability of the Promega PowerPlex® Fusion 5C amplification kit to type both naturally and artificially degraded DNA.DNA was degraded naturally by placing equal volumes of blood on white fabric that was stored either inside, outside in a shaded area, or outside in direct sunlight. Samples were then collected every 10 days for 60 days and the DNA extracted (QIAamp® DNA Investigator). Artificially degraded samples were created by exposing extracted DNA to either UV light or 95 °C heat for varying times. DNA was also degraded artificially by placing blood samples into a 50% bleach solution for varying times prior to extraction.Following sample treatment, standard forensic DNA analysis was performed including quantification (Investigator® Quantiplex) and amplification (PowerPlex® Fusion 5C). Separation and detection were performed on an ABI 3130xl capillary electrophoresis unit and analysis was performed using GeneMapper ID v3.2.1.While the time and shade samples showed similar amounts of degradation, the samples exposed to direct sun showed more degradation. The artificially degraded samples showed more signs of degradation such as reduced overall peak height and peak height imbalance at heterozygous loci. There were also some cases where an allele that was known to be in the profile exhibited total dropout. Although there were some instances of both allelic dropout and heterozygote peak imbalance, PowerPlex® Fusion was able to reliably type degraded DNA as all alleles detected were consistent with the known donor profile. The results show that PowerPlex® Fusion is a robust kit capable of handling forensically challenged samples.