试论反黑情报信息系统之建设

反黑斗争重要措施之一就是强化反黑情报信息系统建设。反黑情报信息系统是反黑基础业务建设内容的重中之重,是反黑工作的生命线,包括机构建设、模块组成、开发功能等内容。     

和谐社会之历史源流与宪政分析

中国和西方古典和谐社会思想有较大差异:中国古代思想家形成了一套以“和谐”为根本价值基础的完整理论体系,其中涉及社会理想、伦理道德、治国理念、民本思想等等;西方古代的合谐思想包含公平与正义、城邦公民的公共利益、限制君主权力滥用等系列内容。和谐社会是以人为本,尊重人格、保障人权、体恤人性与追求人自身的自由全面发展的社会,宪政的根本价值内核也在于将人置于崇高的地位,二者相通之处都在于凸显人、尊重人、保障人,实现人的全面发展。以人为本既是和谐社会的评判标准也是宪政的根本出发点。     

Risky Business: What Happens to Gender Equality and Women's Rights in Post-Conflict Societies? Insights from NGO's in El Salvador

Using the case of El Salvador, this paper explores how women's organizational skills developed in civil war translate into work in NGOs in the post-conflict struggle for rights. The paper briefly describes the gender stratification methodology used in the analysis and then presents the situation in El Salvador before, during, and after the war. After discussing how Salvadoran women, despite quite limited economic power, became a well-organized force that was strategically indispensable to the rebels during the war, the paper examines factors that contributed to the success of Las Madres Demandantes (LMD), an NGO focused on the single issue of getting child support payments to women. The experience of other NGOs in El Salvador is reviewed with respect to the factors that contributed to the success of LMD. In conclusion, a few lessons from the issues faced by the post-conflict women's NGOs in El Salvador are presented.     

构建内含环境伦理理念的生产方式——兼论马克思的环境伦理思想

建设环境友好型社会,要求构建与环境友好的生产方式.马克思的环境伦理思想为构建与环境友好的生产方式奠定了理论基础.构建生态型即内涵环境伦理的生产方式,必须发展生态型生产力和构建生态型生产关系.     

Do Multicultural Democracies Really Require PR? Counterevidence from Switzerland

Central to consociational (or power‐sharing) theory is the claim that multicultural societies require electoral systems based on proportional representation (PR) in order to ensure a fair representation of the various cultural groups in parliament. In this context, Switzerland is often cited as a “PR country”, as well as the key example of successful consociationalism. This article argues that, in this respect, the Swiss experience does not support consociational theory as far as the representation of linguistic groups is concerned. The counterevidence is found by exploring the variety of Swiss electoral systems, both at the national level and in the four multilingual cantons. The article suggests that territoriality (i.e. definition of electoral districts) is the key variable for ensuring linguistic proportionality in parliament. When this is not possible, as is the case in some elections in the multilingual cantons, majoritarian systems sometimes do a better job than PR.     

Political party formation by former armed opposition groups after civil war

ABSTRACT

Under what conditions are rebel groups successfully incorporated into democratic politics when civil war ends? Using an original cross-national, longitudinal dataset, we examine political party formation by armed opposition groups over a 20-year period, from 1990 to 2009. We find that former armed opposition groups form parties in more than half of our observations. A rebel group’s pre-war political experience, characteristics of the war and how it ended outweigh factors such as the country’s political and economic traits and history. We advance a theoretical framework based on rebel leaders’ expectations of success in post-war politics, and we argue that high rates of party formation by former armed opposition groups are likely a reflection of democratic weakness rather than democratic robustness in countries emerging from conflict.     

Youth employment and post-war development in Jaffna,northern Sri Lanka

Jaffna District in northern Sri Lanka has recently emerged from three decades of violence and isolation, leading to a diverse array of political, social and economic issues. This article critically analyses the links between youth employment and the post-war reconstruction and development of this region. Unemployment among youth is regarded as a potential threat to the stability of the country during the post-war period, and it is argued that only through the active engagement of Sri Lanka’s youth population can the threat of a resurgence in violence be fully eliminated. The article, which is based on recent field research, examines the extent of youth unemployment within Jaffna District, and considers how government, non-government and community-based actors are working together to solve related problems.