关于工会工作方式存在的问题及对策研究

工会组织要代表和维护职工利益必须采取群众化的工作方式,但工会存在的机关化和行政化工作方式严重的制约着工会作用的发挥。为此,工会必须实现工作方式上的转变,实现工会工作方式的群众化,把工会建设成为能切实代表和维护会员和职工群众利益的工人阶级群众组织。     

关于东北老工业基地质变为新型产业基地的现实论证

东北老工业基地质变为新型产业基地，已经成为国家战略投放的实施主旨和区域目标，这也是民心所向和大势所趋。东北区域不仅具有促进老工业基地质变为新型产业基地的综合优势，而且目前已经初步展示了老工业基地质变为新型产业基地的现实价值，同时又在这一进程中暴露出了老工业基地质变为新型产业基地的制约因素，所以需要有针对性地采取正确而又科学的对策：解放思想转变观念，改革行政管理模式；完善市场运行体制，强化资源配置功能；调整主体产业结构，增强产业集群优势；冲破地区保护屏障，造就市场利益关系；发展高新技术产业，提升国际竞争能力。只有这样，才能推动东北老工业基地在振兴进程中逐步达到新型产业基地的理想境界。     

The Political Economy of Facebook Advertising: Election Spending,Regulation and Targeting Online

Political advertising on Facebook is the latest in a long line of developments in campaign practice, and is a tool that has been mobilised extensively in elections around the world. In this article, we explore what we know about Facebook advertising at elections and ask what existing data from the UK Electoral Commission can reveal about current usage. Highlighting the principles behind Facebook advertising, we argue that existing metrics offer little insight into current campaign trends—posing analytical, methodological and normative challenges for academics and electoral regulators alike. Moreover, we argue that these challenges strike at the heart of debates about democratic responsibility and the degree to which governments should cede responsibility to commercial actors who may have differing understandings of fundamental democratic norms.     

‘Austria First’ revisited: a diachronic cross-sectional analysis of the gender and body politics of the extreme right

ABSTRACT

In this paper, Rheindorf and Wodak provide a discourse-historical analysis of extreme-right cultural politics in Austria, ranging from the blatant racism in the speeches of Vienna’s former Deputy Mayor Johann Gudenus (now MP in the Austrian parliament) to the construction of an idealized national body in the election campaigns of the Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (FPÖ), its programmatic agenda in handbooks and pamphlets, and the performances of far-right pop singer Andreas Gabalier. Rheindorf and Wodak argue that such cultural politics use a wide spectrum of discursive strategies both inside and outside established party politics and that the accompanying production of an ideal extreme-right subject is informed by nativist ideology. The cross-sectional analysis demonstrates that the cultural politics of the Austrian extreme right ranges from appropriated national symbols to coded National Socialist iconography. These politics pervasively construct a gendered and racialized national body, policed by a ‘strict father’ and nurtured by a ‘self-sacrificing mother’, vis-à-vis an apocalyptic threat scenario identified with migration, intellectual and political elites, cosmopolitanism and progressive gender politics.     

The distorting effects of racial animus on proximity voting in the 2016 elections

While the use of racial appeals by the 2016 Trump campaign is indisputable, researchers are actively debating their precise role in influencing voter behavior in the election. We seek to expand upon existing research which finds that racial animus electorally benefited the Trump campaign. We examine to what extent those benefits also materialized for GOP candidates down-ballot and whether racial animus distorted ideological proximity voting in the 2016 election. We find that racial animus among voters helped Republicans at multiple ballot levels and that higher levels of racial animus distorted spatial voting among voters ideologically closest to the Democratic candidate.     

“Lucy says today she is a Labordoodle”: how the dogs-of-Instagram reveal voter preferences

Instagram is an image-centric social media application, launched in October 2010 with the explicit aim of allowing members to share their smart phone photos with the world. Posts typically combine photographs with a short verbal text, and as such provide fertile ground for multisemiotic analysis. Further, at times of political significance or upheaval, Instagram, like other social media platforms, provides a space for the public to express opinions or emotions. The fact that citizens do this through a combination of words and images on Instagram is the subject of analysis in this article. Using a dataset of 92 Instagram posts that made use of the discourse tagging hashtag #dogsatpollingstations at the time of the 2016 Australian federal election, this study demonstrates the multisemiotic strategies used by members of the public to show their dissatisfaction with the incumbent government, and their endorsement of other political parties. The study also demonstrates the triangulation of multiple methods, and as such is an example of corpus-assisted multimodal discourse analysis.     

《民法典》传统基因与民族特色的法理解析

我国民法典汲取了优秀传统法文化,带有鲜明的民族特色。传统法文化既形塑了民法典的独特人文精神,也对其制度建构深具启示。在精神牵引上,传统文化的德法合治影响了民法典浓厚的道德关怀,重视抽象化的人之德性价值为人格权独立成篇提供了哲理论证,传统民本精神、“法顺人情”、天人合一思想、诚信文化都有其精神传承。在民法典制度安排上,继承了传统的典章治理智慧和通过法典化增强民族认同的政治使命,“有典有册”、律例统编的传统形式启发了民法典简约的立法技术。此外,在具体制度上,传统家事法律制度深刻影响了婚姻家庭编,传统典权制度为农村土地“三权分置”进行了历史论证。民法典对民族特色的彰显并非偶然,其原因在于民法典是民族特质的法意凝练,法治发展趋势要求从法律移植到“中国之治”,通过民法典提振民族精神也具有世界经验。但传统法文化影响不能过度拔高,其诸多人文主张仅停留在观念层次,而缺乏制度建构。应对传统观念进行现代化的制度转换与批判性继承,引领新的社会文明。     

中国女性参政模式的时代追问

女性参政主要包括民主参与和权力参与，本文重点关注妇女的权力参与，认为新中国建立以来，中国女性参政历经以政府主导的、公平竞争的、比例政策与竞争和选举制度相结合的参政模式，不同的参政模式给女性参政带来了不同的影响。本文通过对女性参政模式的解读，提出了进一步促进女性参政的政策建议。     

The house size effect and the referendum paradox in U.S. presidential elections

Barthélémy et al. (2014), extending the work of Neubauer and Zeitlin (2003), show that some U.S. presidential elections are subject to a ‘House size effect’ in that the winner of the election, i.e., the candidate who wins a majority of electoral votes, depends on the size of the House of Representatives. The conditions for the effect relate to the number of ‘Senate’ versus ‘House’ electoral votes won by each candidate, but the relationship is not straightforward due to ‘locally chaotic’ effects in the apportionment of House seats among the states as House size changes. Clearly a Presidential election that is subject to the House size effect exhibits the referendum paradox, i.e., the electoral vote winner is the popular vote loser, for some House sizes but not for others.     

庸人政治、偏激取向与民主社会的异化

现代社会民主化进程中往往呈现出两种现象:一是庸人往往占据高位,而那些事变创造性人物则越来越为主流社会所遗弃,导致新思想对社会产生作用的时滞越来越长;二是呈现出强烈的极端性和好斗性,那些拥有权力优势的国家和个人更易于实行机会主义。究其原因,这体现了当今民主体制的缺陷和相关条件的不成熟。一者,如果对民主选举的范围和内容不进行界定,那么多数至上规则中获得优胜的往往是基于影响力原则而不是贤能原则;二者,如果社会大众的教育水平没有达到一定程度,那么集体行动往往会呈现出狂热和非理性。