From Ted to Ed: Electing British Party Leaders

Since 1965, British political parties have radically, and repeatedly, changed the ways in which they choose their leaders. In this article, I explain how and why these changes occurred and assess the consequences of the ‘new’ selection procedures adopted by four ‘mainstream’ parties: Labour, the Conservatives, the Liberal Party and the Liberal Democrats. In the first section, following Sjoblom and Stark, I outline a theoretical framework which purports to explain the criteria used by parties in parliamentary systems when choosing their leaders. I then examine the four parties in turn and consider two questions. First, how and why has the process of selecting British party leaders changed over time; and secondly, to what extent, and why, have the ‘new’ selection procedures adopted since 1965 produced different outcomes, resulting in the election of leaders who would not have been chosen had the decision rested with their party's elites and/or MPs alone?     

陈云领导艺术新探

本文结合执政能力建设系统阐述了陈云的领导理论,主要包括理论创新、联系群众、科学决策、求真务实、谋划全局、廉政建设等方面的能力。     

Preventing Homelessness for System‐Involved Youth

Too many youth and young adults find themselves on the streets, couch‐surfing with friends, in emergency shelters or worse, after exiting the child welfare and juvenile justice systems. In some circumstances, youth have had court hearings until their exit from the legal system, but those hearings have not focused on long‐range plans of youth and emergencies youth may encounter. In other circumstances, there has been little or no planning prior to discharge, especially for young people who leave the juvenile justice system. Courts can and should prevent, alleviate or end youth homelessness for youth who appear before them through strategies that are enumerated in the recently‐passed NCJFCJ resolution. This article expounds on three of these strategies – coordinating transition and re‐entry plans, insisting on effective legal representation of youth, and utilizing sound judicial leadership. It also describes the concurrent efforts of the Coalition for Juvenile Justice and the American Bar Association's Homeless Youth Legal Network to remove legal barriers and improve outcomes for youth and young adults experiencing homelessness.     

我国行政监察制度存在的主要问题与改革建议

行政监察作为行政机关内部的一种自律性监督,是行政管理运行机制中不可缺少的组成部分.随着我国社会政治经济的发展,腐败事件层出不穷,行政监察在腐败事件面前显得虚弱无力.现阶段如何健全与完善行政监察制度,成为我们面临的一个重要课题.根据中外历史经验和我国实际情况,应将行政监察机关从目前的行政系统中划出来单独设置,实行垂直领导,并进一步强化和扩大行政监察机关职权,建设高素质的行政监察队伍,完善行政监察法律法规体系.     

中国共产党的执政基础研究

改革开放以来,党的执政基础得到了进一步的巩固,但随着社会主义市场经济体制的初步建立和进一步发展,我们党也面临政治、经济、思想化、阶级基础和群众基础等方面的新情况。为此,党必须始终坚持工人阶级先锋队的性质,全心全意为人民服务,正确履行领导责任,努力践行“三个代表”的思想,从而巩固执政基础。根据国内外社会主义执政党正反两方面的历史经验,巩固和加强党的执政地位,就要做到：坚定共产主义信念,树立正确的人生观和价值观;建立充满生机和活力的政治体制和经济体制;提高驾驭社会主义市场经济的能力,不断建立新的业绩,从而赢得广大人民群众的支持;改进领导作风,消除腐败现象．处理好各种社会矛盾．从而在社会主义现代化建设的过程中取信于民。     

领导、法治与政治文明建设

党的领导、人民民主、依法治国是社会主义政治文明的三个基本要素。在我国政治文明体系中 ,党的领导是前提 ,人民民主是核心 ,依法治国是保证。这三个要素是不可分割的。它们共同构成了社会主义政治文明建设的有机统一的整体。     

试论改进党的领导方式和执政方式

改进党的领导方式和执政方式必须提高“执政党”意识 ;理顺党和国家政权及其他非党组织的关系 ;发展党内民主 ;完善各项制度。     

Budget Rhetoric in Presidential Campaigns from 1952 to 2000

We offer a theory to identify the determinants of presidential campaign rhetoric related to the federal budget. The theory builds on the literature dealing with issue ownership, candidate strategy, retrospective voting, and voter preferences to generate eight hypotheses about the use of budget rhetoric. To test these hypotheses, over 800 campaign speeches from the major party presidential nominees from 1952 to 2000 are content analyzed. The content analysis generates measures of both the volume and tone of budget rhetoric. Volume is driven primarily by the objective balance of the budget and subjective importance given to it by voters and a conditional effect involving budget balance, incumbency, and partisanship. Tone is more complex, with positive rhetoric determined mostly by the budget balance and partisanship and overstated rhetoric shaped solely by the salience of the budget to the electorate. The article concludes with suggestions for future research.     

中国特色社会主义理论的创立发展与系统构架

中国特色社会主义理论是党的三代领导集体半个世纪探索的结晶.这一理论第一次系统全面回答了在中国这样经济文化落后的东方大国,怎样建设和巩固发展社会主义的一系列基本问题,由此构成一个完整的科学体系.     

邓小平对共产党执政规律的探索

抗战时期 ,邓小平研究党与抗日民主政权的关系 ,提出了共产党如何领导政权的基本理念 ;在八大前后 ,他根据党的执政经验 ,把群众路线上升到了党的政治哲学的高度 ;在改革开放以后 ,他提出了官僚主义的“总病根”和制度建设的“根本性”的观念 ,为“社会主义政治文明”的理论探索和实践建设开辟了道路