国外工资集体协商制度实效研究文献综述

工资集体谈判制度最早出现在西方发达资本主义国家,迄今已有200多年的历史。西方学者对该制度作了多角度的理论研究,其研究曾在解决劳资纠纷、和谐劳动关系方面发挥了重要作用,并对我国工资集体协商制度建设有一定的借鉴意义。     

Sources of Power in Public Negotiations: A Framework Applied to Public-Public and Public-Private Negotiations

The negotiation literature has extensively examined the topic of power and how it can be wielded. Numerous frameworks have been created and utilized in the various treatises on negotiations; analyzing the power differential in any given situation is a common teaching technique. However, despite this focus on the topic, discussions of power have been mainly focused on negotiations in the private sector. As a result, many of the most common frameworks are oriented toward this type of situation, resulting in a clumsy application to a public-sector negotiation. Given the growing importance of negotiations to public-sector leaders, we provide a new structure for analyzing power that can be utilized in such situations. For a municipal leader confronted with a complex public-private partnership, it is important to have the right tools to use when examining the power dynamics at play. After examining several current models of power, as well as other writings on the topic in negotiation and strategy literature, we present a new model. This model divides power into different categories based on whether it stems from formal or informal mechanisms, and then offers several specific forms relevant to the public sector. We then use this new model to examine a case study involving the new mayor of Manchester, New Hampshire and her efforts to negotiate a better response to the opioid and homelessness crisis. This case study illustrates the unique nature of public sector negotiations and provides a roadmap for negotiators looking to use our new framework.     

How Valid Is Negotiation Research Based on Student Sample Groups? New Insights into a Long‐Standing Controversy

Although a considerable amount of research has examined the impact of experience on negotiation behavior and performance, we still know very little about the usefulness of student samples in negotiation research because most studies have compared the performance of inexperienced students with those who had received some kind of extensive negotiation training or with experienced professional negotiators(s). Against this background, we investigate whether the results obtained from trained student samples are generally similar to those of professional negotiators. Generally, our data confirm our hypotheses that students with some negotiation training and experience perform better than untrained student negotiators and that they are not significantly outperformed by professional negotiators. From this, we conclude that many questions in the field of negotiation research can be effectively tested by using trained students as experimental subjects.     

论协商性司法在民族地区的适用

如何实现国家刑事司法同民族习惯法的融合,改变国家法在民族地区适应性不足的状况,一直是理论和实务界探讨的重要议题。协商性司法的引入有效地弥合了二者的隔阂。协商性司法不仅能有效吸收民族习惯法中的积极成果,整合国家的民族刑事政策,更能让国家法关注纷争双方合法权益的双向保护,保持刑罚的谦抑性,恢复社会正义,使稳定和谐得以实现。     

美国农业保护制度的政治经济学分析

美国是世界上农业最发达的国家之一。在世界农产品贸易中,长期以来一直是世界农产品最大的进出口国,其农产品贸易政策对世界农产品贸易制度具有主要的影响。近年来,美国的农业保护制度不断完善和加强,不但与其他国家多边农业谈判的自由化主张背道而驰,也是多哈农业谈判久谈不决的主要原因之一。从政治经济学的角度分析,在未来,其农业补贴政策会有所减弱。但不可能完全消除,国内农业政策改革难度很大,非传统的隐蔽性更强的限制性措施将成为农产品市场准入中的主要措施。因此,美国在多哈农业谈判中不可能做出太大的让步。     

Acknowledging the Other Side in Negotiation

In a negotiation study, we investigated the efficacy of acknowledging an opponent's role in securing a concession made to that opponent. The study featured a face-to-face, one-shot bargaining session between a student favoring marijuana legalization and a confederate playing the role of a legalization opponent. When the confederate acknowledged the student's putative influence in producing a concession by the confederate, the student perceived the magnitude of the concession to be greater and was more likely to accept it. The student negotiators also reported that they liked the other party more following acknowledgement, and our mediational analysis suggested that enhanced interpersonal sentiments played a role in facilitating agreement. In this article, in addition to documenting these findings, we also discuss their implications, both for theoretical analyses of conflict and negotiation and for the practical problem of settling disputes.     

The Janus‐Face of Negociation Democracy. The Effects of Consensus Democracy,Direct Democracy and Decentralization on State Intervention in Swiss Cantons

Dieser Beitrag analysiert die Varianzen der quantifizierbaren Staatstätigkeit in den 26 Schweizer Kantonen der 1980er und 1990er Jahre. Im Mittelpunkt der erklärenden Grssen stehen dabei Formen der Verhandlungsdemokratie, insbesondere der Konkordanz, dezentraler Entscheidungsstrukturen und direktdemokratischer Beteiligungsrechte. Wir zeigen, dass die Erweiterung des Konzeptes der Verhandlungsdemokratie auf weitere Staatsorgane neben der Regierung zur analytischen Unschärfe fhrt, da die verschiedenen Ausprägungen der politischen Machtteilung mit unterschiedlichen Wirkungen auf den Umfang des ffentlichen Sektors verbunden sind. Während die Konkordanz im Sinne der parteifrmigen Organisation politischer und sozialer Konflikte tendenziell die staatliche Intervention begnstigt, zgeln konstitutionelle Vetospieler die Staatstätigkeit, indem direktdemokratische Mitwirkung und dezentrale Machtteilung dem Staat Fesseln auf der Einnahmen‐und Ausgabenseite anlegen.     

论缔约过失责任的概念更新

缔约过失责任产生于双方当事人缔约阶段,这个阶段以合同成立为界.缔约过失责任既可以发生在合同成立前,在合同成立后生效前也有其生存的空间.缔约过失责任是一方因过失违反先合同义务产生的,往往被视为是一种过错责任,然而无论是学者的著述还是现行的立法都显示了缔约过失责任已经突破了过错责任的范畴,活跃在某些无过错责任领域.缔约过失责任中是对信赖利益的赔偿,并不包括完全性利益,完全性利益应由侵权行为法所调整.     

何种文化?谁之霸权?——从苏联与中国的政治实践看葛兰西的文化霸权理论

葛兰西文化霸权理论认为,在市民社会较为成熟的欧洲国家,无产阶级应该首先通过阵地战的方式在文化领域取得领导权,进而夺取国家政权。这就表明,现代国家的真正力量不在于统治阶级的暴力和国家机器的强制性,而在于被统治阶级对统治阶级世界观和价值体系的认同。葛兰西的理论观点对当代中国的文化和意识形态建设具有重要的借鉴意义。在当代中国,执政党确立意识形态领导权地位的方式就在于通过谈判与对话的方式,将各种具有异质目的的分散意志用务实的目标统一起来,由此形成具有共同情感和利益要求的历史的集团,开创文明的新时代。     

人质危机谈判功能与实现路经

危机谈判，作为处理危机事件的有效手段，在世界各国，特别是欧美发达国家，已经得到广泛认同与有效应用。据国外有关研究显示，以专业化谈判团队的形式处理人质危机，安全、和平处理率高达93％，而没有专业化谈判团队的介入，被迫采取武力解决的，伤亡率高达78％。在我国，危机谈判机制建设刚刚起步，危机谈判的功能还没有广泛认同，对如何实现谈判功能也处于探索阶段。结合谈判工作实践和培训的谈判专业人员的反馈经验来分析危机谈判的功能及其实现的条件，应该对于危机谈判专业发展有所启示。