Taming the Beast: The UK Approach to the Management of Behavioral Investigative Advice

The goal of this paper is to reflect on the pertinent issues surrounding the effective management of behavioral investigative advice, by making explicit the experiences, developments, learning and achievements of such endeavors from a UK perspective. Specifically, the issues of national regulation of professional and ethical standards, working conditions for behavioral investigative advisers, audit and evaluation, strategic development, and learning and development of profiling skills are explored. Some broad observations regarding evaluation of the UK approach are discussed and consideration is given to the future challenges facing the field of behavioral investigative advice provision to major crime investigations.

A rapid wire-based sampling method for DNA profiling

Abstract: This paper reports the results of a commission to develop a field deployable rapid short tandem repeat (STR)‐based DNA profiling system to enable discrimination between tissues derived from a small number of individuals. Speed was achieved by truncation of sample preparation and field deployability by use of an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyser^TM. Human blood and tissues were stabbed with heated stainless steel wire and the resulting sample dehydrated with isopropanol prior to direct addition to a PCR. Choice of a polymerase tolerant of tissue residues and cycles of amplification appropriate for the amount of template expected yielded useful profiles with a custom‐designed quintuplex primer set suitable for use with the Bioanalyser^TM. Samples stored on wires remained amplifiable for months, allowing their transportation unrefrigerated from remote locations to a laboratory for analysis using AmpFlSTR^® Profiler Plus^® without further processing. The field system meets the requirements for discrimination of samples from small sets and retains access to full STR profiling when required.     

ARP-SP基因表达谱芯片对脑损伤的初步研究

目的研究脑挫伤后ARP-SRP基因表达谱差异及其法医学意义。方法从脑组织提取mRNA,应用ARP-SRP-1.0S基因芯片,研究脑挫伤组织与对照脑组织细胞凋亡蛋白和应激反应蛋白相关基因特异性表达差异。结果基因芯片杂交结果中,发现人类溶酶体的胃蛋白酶抑制剂不敏感蛋白酶基因(CLN2)表达水平显著下降。结论CLN2基因与一种婴儿致死性神经变性疾病LINCL有关,但CLN2基因在脑损伤中的作用尚有待进一步研究;基因芯片在研究脑损伤后相关基因的改变具有快速、高通量、高敏度等特点。     

Cannabis Profiling Based on Its Elemental Composition—Is It Possible?

Abstract: Elemental composition of 85 cannabis samples was established using GF AAS and ICP OES methods. The robustness of the method was determined by analyzing eight independently prepared replicates from a single cannabis plant. The accuracy of the method was established by analyzing four plant certified reference material samples. The ability of discriminant analysis using elemental compositions to distinguish between fiber cannabis samples collected from four different regions of Poland was evaluated. Then, a classification model was developed that correctly classified selected samples of known origin. Cannabis samples confiscated by law enforcement agencies have also been subjected to discriminant analysis. A classification model has been developed for four locations in Poland (Bia?ystok, Ko?cierzyna, the environs of Skar?ysko Kamienna, and Bydgoszcz), to help determine where samples of unknown origin could have been grown.     

外伤性癫痫灶组织的基因表达谱分析

目的比较外伤性和非外伤性癫痫灶组织的基因表达谱,探索外伤性癫痫的发病机制,为相关鉴定提供依据。方法收集外伤性和非外伤性癫痫灶组织样本各15例。分别提取总RNA,经逆转录标记不同的探针与人类cDNA表达谱芯片杂交,获得扫描图像,分析信号的强度和比值,对实验数据按照RNA微阵列分析法标准化,对差异表达基因进行聚类分析。结果两组样本中共有超过2 990条基因明显表达（表达超过背景2～5倍以上）。以30%样本中的表达调节水平大于1.5倍作为差异基因筛选标准,与非外伤性癫痫组比较,外伤性癫痫组样本中存在显著性表达差异的基因有192个,其中表达上调的有115个,表达下调的有77个。结论采用基因表达谱芯片技术可以有效地识别外伤性癫痫和非外伤性癫痫的差异表达基因,并可用于外伤性癫痫发病机制和分子分型的研究。     

混合斑的DNA分型解析

综述了常染色体STR、Amelogenin、Y染色体STR、线粒体DNA和单核苷酸多态性等DNA检测方法在解释混合斑检验结果应用中的进展。对混合斑的统计学方法也作了总结。     

犯罪心理画像的范畴构建与制度移植

迄今为止,犯罪心理画像理论发展已经进入了范畴构建的阶段,国外的司法实践中也已将其纳入整个刑事诉讼体系之中,对我国刑法的理论和实践都能起到借鉴作用。我国目前亟待解决的问题是既要在理论层面加强犯罪心理画像的范畴研究,又要加强犯罪心理画像的制度移植探索,以促使这一侦查手段在我国的侦查工作中尽旱发挥辅助侦查作用.     

An analysis of police traffic stops and searches in Kentucky: a mixed methods approach offering heuristic and practical implications

Is race a significant predictor of being searched by the police? Is race a significant predictor of having positive search results during traffic stop? We address these two questions by analyzing traffic stop data (n > 93,000) collected by two state and 24 local police agencies in a single state during the 2001 calendar year. Our findings show that race does correlate with a fruitful traffic stop but not in the manner that may be commonly thought. To supplement and better contextualize our quantitative findings, an exploratory study was then designed that used the focus group interviewing technique with groups of officers from five of the participating agencies to explore their perceptions of (1) traffic stops and searches and (2) public allegations of racial profiling and bias-based policing. The findings from this qualitative phase of the study highlighted the officers’ perceived role as community problem solvers “who profile problems and not people.” In tandem, this mixed-method approach was instrumental in advancing our knowledge of both the patterns and results from related searches, in addition to better contextualizing the underlying perceptions of officers regarding the use of race in “solving” community problems. The results from this combination of methodological approaches offer important heuristic and practical implications.