Freedom of Expression in South Korea

South Korea is widely considered a consolidated democracy, but there is growing evidence that freedom of expression in South Korea has lagged behind that of comparable Asian countries and that it has deteriorated since 2008. Freedom House downgraded South Korea’s “freedom of the press” status from “free” to “partly free” in 2010 and other international reports also raised concerns on the status of freedom of expression in the country. We identify five problems that have contributed to the deterioration in South Korea’s rankings with respect to civil liberties: abuse of criminal defamation, the rules governing election campaigns, national security limitations on free speech, restrictions related to the internet and partisan use of state power to control the media. We close by considering possible explanations of the phenomenon, ranging from more distant cultural factors and the influence of the Japanese legal systems through the enduring impact of the Cold War. However, the main problems appear political. Governments on both the political right and left have placed limits on freedom of expression in order to contain political opposition, and constitutional, legal and political checks have proven insufficient to stop them.     

政府回应性视域中环境群体性事件成因及对策

政府对民意的回应是民主政治的本质要求。环境问题也是政治问题,近年来环境群体性事件频发,严重影响着社会的稳定与和谐。从政府回应性的视角来分析,因环境污染引发群体性事件的频发和逐年递增,与地方政府未做好职能性回应,政府前瞻性回应欠缺、责任性回应不到位等有关。因环境问题引发的群体性事件,不仅无助于生态文明的建设,更不利于社会的和谐与稳定。因此,地方政府应避免被动回应的局限性,负责任地主动回应,通过加强政府不同层面的回应性建设来应对并解决环境群体性事件。     

当前我国农民利益表达的困境和出路

当前我国农民利益表达事关维护农民权益、构建农村和谐社会的大局，但由于农民缺乏正常的利益表达的意识和组织机构以及顺畅的利益表达渠道，农民利益表达正面临各种困难，而它的出路就在于不断提高农民的利益表达意识、加强农民利益表达的组织机构建设和拓宽农民利益表达的渠道。     

结核分枝杆菌CFP10-ESAT-6融合基因的表达及其多克隆抗体的制备

以结核分枝杆菌标准株H37Rv的基因组DNA为模板,经重叠PCR扩增获得CFP10-ESAT-6融合基因片段,克隆于pET21a表达载体中,获得了重组质粒pET21a-CFP10-ESAT-6,将其转化大肠杆菌BL21细胞,经IPTG诱导表达,得到了25 ku的目的蛋白。表达产物经纯化和定量分析后免疫新西兰大白兔,收集兔血清进行抗体ELISA检测。结果显示,成功构建了CFP10-ESAT-6融合基因的原核表达质粒,获得了CFP10-ESAT-6融合蛋白,以此蛋白免疫动物可产生高效价的抗体。     

Building a nation: religion and values in the public schools of the USA,Australia, and South Africa

Although the systems of public schools differ among Australia, South Africa and the USA, all three countries recognize that religion plays a significant role in determining values. All three countries have written constitutions but only South Africa and the USA have a Bill of Rights that protects persons’ exercise of religious beliefs. In Australia, the place of religion in education has largely been shaped by state legislatures, administrative regulations and interpretations of the national constitution. In the USA, the long tradition of religious values being represented in public education has been severely restricted over the past 60 years, resulting in artificial judicial lines being drawn between private religious expression and government expression. However, even private expression can be prohibited if it interferes with the educational mission of a school. South Africa had a long tradition of Christian religious practices in government schools under apartheid. However, the post-apartheid 1996 Constitution and 1996 South African Schools Act still give these schools considerable latitude in investing religious values into the educational process. In Australia, values, religion and education have always been a preoccupation of those providing education, although the blurring of public and private education in Australia has resulted in a different direction for the role of religion than in the USA.     

日本立宪主义的历史与现实

要实现对个人的尊重需要每个人的努力，但是在日本这种责任意识还十分淡薄。教师应该充分认识到思想自由和表达自由的重要性并将之反映到教育实践中去。日本的社会构造具有连续性，因而在考察日本的立宪秩序时不宜把战前战后视为两个“断绝”的历史阶段。主张以市场为主导和规制缓和，不应只看到政府失灵的问题，也应当看到市场失灵的危险性，因此有必要建立符合日本国情的公共监控制度。     

Giving Silence a Chance: The Importance of Life Stories for Research on Refugees

In order to capture refugees’ experiences and narrativesit is necessary to create space within research to be able tonotice the untold within the interviews. This article focuseson the ways that Iranian women refugees (in the Netherlandsand the United States) narrate their experiences of the pastand the present or stay silent when the experiences are toodifficult to talk about. Including the moments of silence withinthe process of analysing the stories has helped the researcherto discover different layers within the interviews. The mainargument of this article is that the combination of the lifestories method and the comparative nature of the research haveespecially helped to find out about the different ways in whichthe past is positioned within the present narratives. The lifestories in particular have created the necessary space to listento the often untold stories of refugees. This has enabled theresearcher to go beyond the expressed words in order to understanddifferent layers of expression within the narratives.     

A型副鸡嗜血杆菌血凝素基因的克隆表达及其产物的生物学活性鉴定

根据GenBank中登录的A型Hpg Hp8株血凝素基因序列,设计合成了1对特异性引物,以Hpg Hp8株中提取的细菌DNA为模板,利用PCR扩增了Hpg血凝素全长基因(1 035 bp),将其克隆到pET-32a( )载体上,构建了原核表达载体pET-HA,表达并纯化了重组蛋白,通过免疫印迹及血凝和血凝抑制试验鉴定了该重组蛋白的生物学活性。结果显示,表达并纯化的HpgHA重组血凝素蛋白可以和A型Hpg抗血清特异性结合,并且可以凝集鸡红细胞。表明,成功地构建了Hpg血凝素基因的原核表达载体,并表达、纯化了具有凝集鸡红细胞活性的Hpg-HA融合蛋白。     

羊痘病毒P32蛋白编码基因的克隆及表达

为获得山羊痘病毒膜蛋白重组P32抗原,根据其基因序列设计合成了1对特异性引物, 对CaPV P32基因进行了PCR扩增,产物大小约为969 bp;产物回收纯化后,将其克隆至pBAD／ Thio-TOPO载体中,转化TOP10大肠埃希氏菌感受态细胞,与已报道的多株CaPV P32基因序列的同源性高达99％;相应地,氨基酸序列同源性为98％。经测序筛选出阳性克隆,该重组菌株经 L-arabinose诱导,可稳定、高效地表达CaPV P32抗原。表达蛋白为融合蛋白,分子质量约 51．53 ku。     

民事错误制度之形态辨析

意思表示作为法律行为的要素,在实施过程中难免会发生真实性的瑕疵,错误作为一种意思表示瑕疵,既涉及表意人意思表示真实性的保护,又关乎相对方信赖利益的维护。在意思表示形成的过程中,往往会发生动机错误、内容错误、表示错误、传达错误、计算错误等,他们因为符合错误的法定形式皆有可能获得法律救济,而法律错误一般不影响意思表示的效力。