Breaking the ‘Silence’ of the Military Regime: New Politics of Memory in Brazil

This article elucidates the latest developments in the ‘politics of memory’ regarding the military regime in Brazil. Only recently, I argue, has the Brazilian state abandoned its ‘politics of silence’ and started to actively champion the memory of the left‐wing ‘resistance’. This new strategy climaxed in a governmental crisis over a historic plan to establish a National Truth Commission to investigate human rights violations during the military regime. The article analyses key incidents and debates prior to the crisis, and contrasts the post‐dictatorial collective memory of Brazil with that of other Latin American countries.     

大豆异黄酮改善阿尔茨海默病大鼠学习记忆能力的机制

目的 探讨大豆异黄酮(soybean isoflavones,SIF）改善阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer''s disease,AD）大鼠学习记忆能力的机制。方法 将70只大鼠随机分为正常对照组,假手术组,模型组,雌激素组和高、中、低剂量SIF治疗组,采用右侧杏仁核注射β-淀粉样肽（β-amyloid peptide,Aβ）25-35复制AD大鼠模型,给予不同剂量的SIF,通过检测逃避潜伏期、游泳时间百分比和2 min内穿过平台次数评价大鼠学习记忆能力,观察并比较各组大鼠海马胆碱乙酰转移酶（choline acetyltransferase,ChAT）活性和半胱天冬氨酸特异性蛋白酶3（cysteinyl aspartate specific protease-3,caspase-3）的活性。结果 与模型组比较,高、中、低剂量SIF组逃避潜伏期显著降低(P<0.01）,游泳时间百分比和穿过平台次数显著增加（P<0.01）,高、中剂量SIF组大鼠海马ChAT活性显著升高(P<0.01）,各剂量SIF组AD大鼠海马caspase-3活性显著降低（P<0.01）。高、低剂量SIF组逃避潜伏期、2 min内穿过平台次数、ChAT活性和caspase-3活性比较,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）。结论 大豆异黄酮通过调节AD大鼠海马ChAT和caspase-3活性,改善其学习记忆能力,并呈现一定的量效关系。     

芪归糖痛宁颗粒对大鼠糖尿病周围神经病变的影响

目的 观察芪归糖痛宁颗粒对大鼠糖尿病周围神经病变(diabetic peripheral neuropathy, DPN)的疗效,并探讨其作用机制。方法 以链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin, STZ)一次性腹腔注射复制DPN大鼠模型。于模型复制第3天起,各治疗组分别灌胃给予相应的受试药物,正常组和模型组灌胃给予等容量溶媒,疗程8周。实验结束后,测定大鼠热痛阈值、血液流变学指标、血清神经生长因子(nerve growth factor, NGF)、髓磷脂碱性蛋白(myelin basic protein, MBP)的含量,同时取固定部位坐骨神经,用苏木精 伊红染色观察坐骨神经组织病理学变化。结果 与模型组比较,芪归糖痛宁颗粒组能明显改善DPN大鼠坐骨神经病理组织学损伤程度,同时降低大鼠热痛阈（P＜0.05）,降低大鼠全血黏度低切、中切、高切,血浆黏度,红细胞聚集指数及MBP含量（P＜0.05,或P＜0.01）,升高血清NGF含量（P<0.05）。结论 芪归糖痛宁颗粒对大鼠DPN具有一定的治疗作用。     

Progressive Taxation: Applying Hayek's Constraint

That progressive taxation might offset a disproportionate burden of indirect taxes upon low income households sits at the heart of a suggestion from Friedrich Hayek. This concerns the manner in which a degree of progression might be accommodated and constrained to preclude arbitrary tax hikes upon minority income groups. While Hayek's proposal is permissive of socialist aims, it looks for efficiency in resource usage as reflected in the aspiration ‘that each should feel that in the aggregate all the collective goods which are applied to him are worth at least as much as the contribution he is required to make’.     

抗兔出血症病毒单克隆抗体的制备

用1∶10稀释的兔出血症病毒(RHDV)加等量佐剂乳化后接种BALB/C小鼠3次,取免疫小鼠脾细胞与SP2/0细胞融合。通过用间接ELISA试验筛选、克隆出分泌抗RHDV单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞林E_3E_6。     

明末清初的平和窑青花瓷绘艺术初探

明末清初的平和窑青花瓷绘艺术,是当时那个历史时期所产生的艺术现象,它们的出现主宰着当时陶瓷装饰的流行走向,在装饰风格上存在着重所描绘物象的精神实质,重作者主观感兴的抒发,重意念的表现,因而较多地采用减笔画法。对于这种减笔画法,我们不能简单地把它理解为单纯的“形式”问题。当我们谈及明末清初的平和窑青花瓷绘艺术的时候,应该把它们看作是那个历史时期多种因素制约下的精神物化现象,并从中探究其风格的本质意义。     

加味通腑汤对胃癌术后早期患者胃肠功能和营养状况的影响

目的 观察加味通腑汤联合肠内外营养对胃癌术后早期患者胃肠功能恢复和营养状况的改善作用。方法 将62例胃癌术后患者随机分为对照组与观察组,每组31例。在术后常规处理基础上,对照组给予肠内外营养支持,观察组在肠内外营养支持基础上给予加味通腑汤经鼻空肠营养管滴注。比较两组患者术后首次排气时间和首次排便时间,术前1 d、术后3 d和术后7 d前白蛋白（prealbumin,PA）、白蛋白（albumin,Alb）、血清总蛋白（total serum protein,TP）及血红蛋白（hemoglobin,Hb）水平,同时观察患者术后腹胀、恶心呕吐、肺部感染、腹腔感染、吻合口瘘等并发症发生情况。结果 与对照组比较,观察组患者术后首次排气时间和首次排便时间显著缩短（P＜0.05）;术后3 d,两组患者PA、Alb、TP、Hb均较术前1 d显著降低（P＜0.05）;术后7 d,两组患者PA、Alb、TP、Hb均较术后3 d显著升高（P＜0.05）,且观察组患者PA、Alb、TP、Hb均明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组患者术后并发症的发生率明显低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 胃癌术后早期肠内外营养支持联合加味通腑汤小肠内滴注,可以促进胃肠功能恢复,改善营养状况,降低术后并发症的发生率。     

论特殊防卫权

我国1997年刑法在第20条第3款规定了特殊防卫权。针对刑法理论界与司法实践中出现的争议与疑难问题,本文从特殊防卫权名称的确定与特殊防卫权的适用两个角度进行了分析,提出第20条第3款应称为“特殊防卫权”,并且对于如何理解该条的规定做了合理的解释。     

What Mr. Spock told the earthlings: the aims of political philosophy,action-guidingness and fact-dependency

Abstract

Recently, G. A. Cohen introduced an influential distinction between fact-sensitive and fact-insensitive principles arguing that all basic normative principles are of the latter type. David Miller rejects this claim submitting that the validity of basic normative political principles depends on some general propositions about human nature and societies; for example, that men’s generosity is ‘confined’ and that nature has made ‘scanty provision’ for his wants. Miller ties this view of the nature of basic political principles to the view that political philosophy ought to guide people engaged in real-world politics and claims plausibly that in order to fulfil this purpose, political philosophy must be informed by social science. I argue that Miller neither succeeds in showing that basic principles can be fact-sensitive, nor establishes any connection between the Cohen-Miller disagreement on fact-sensitivity, on the one hand, and the nature and aims of political philosophy, on the other hand.     

Kontaktstelle, Zustellung, Hinterlegung

§ 17 Abs 3 ZustG gelangt auch bei Zustellungen an der Kontaktstelle als Abgabestelle zur Anwendung. Eine Abwesenheit von der Kontaktstelle (Abgabestelle), die auf die Wirksamkeit der Zustellung oder den Zustellzeitpunkt – unter dem Gesichtspunkt, ob der Empf?nger rechtzeitig Kenntnis von der Sendung erlangen konnte – Einfluss haben k?nnte, muss l?ngerfristig sein. Ein Obdachloser, der seine Kontaktstelle als Abgabestelle angegeben hat, hat seine l?ngerfristige Abwesenheit von der Kontaktstelle iSd § 17 Abs 3 ZustG der Beh?rde initiativ darzulegen, sofern die Beh?rde diesbezüglich nicht bereits über konkrete Anhaltspunkte verfügt.