Projecting the Arena of Inclusion: The Case of South Korea in Pursuing a Phased Inclusive Growth Process

South Korea created a mechanism that fuels inclusive growth, a process that coevolves economic growth and social well‐being. This study attempts to elaborate on the context and preconditions for development that would manifest salience policy implications for moving up the industrial value chain and attain inclusive growth. We contend against the view of simplified growth cum equity that is used to elucidate the success of Korea's socioeconomic development (economic miracles). Our findings informed us that there were intense measures taken throughout different phases of Korea's industrial development. In addition, we observed in many occasions intense negotiations between the state, firms, and civil society for social welfare and a better working environment. This led to a pursuit for inclusive growth in the post catching‐up phase that blended together many inclusive agendas, realizing growth that coevolved industrial upgrading and social welfare. This article seeks to explain how Korea populated its arena of inclusion in the process of pursuing rapid industrialization. The overview of different phases of development provides normative principles that are useful as a guide for other economies which aspire to attain similar development.     

The Formal Delegation of Regulatory Decisions in the Telecommunication Sector: An Explanation Using Classification Trees

Research on regulation has traditionally focused on studying the delegation of regulatory competencies from political principals to an independent regulatory agency. In this article, we argue that this delegation is nuanced by different factors that affect whether a specific regulatory decision is formally delegated. We examine and explain formal delegation patterns at the level of individual regulatory decisions in twelve countries located in Europe, Latin America, and South Asia. The data were gathered by coding the twelve countries' telecommunications legislation. The data analysis was undertaken using a classification tree model—a nonparametric model. We found that the maturity of the market has the greatest effect on the formal delegation of regulatory decisions, but this effect is also influenced by the other theoretical factors considered, particularly the level of political constraints and the type of regulation.     

The Space Between: Demonization of Opponents and Policy Divergence

Prior research on policy conflicts indicates a tendency among policy actors to misperceive the influence of actors engaged in policy debates based on the degree of distance between their relative policy positions. This research develops a measure for assessing the degree and direction of the misperception effect. This measure is then utilized as a dependent variable to assess the relationship between theoretically relevant factors and the degree to which actors will exaggerate the influence of their opponents and allies. The research uses original survey data of policy actors engaged in the debate over hydraulic fracturing in New York. The results indicate misperceptions of relative influence are prevalent and most associated with the experience of a policy loss and holding relatively extreme policy beliefs. The findings provide new insight into factors that influence the demonization of political opponents. These insights are timely in the context of polarized debates over environmental and energy policy in the United States.     

Preparing NATO for the Future – Operating in an Increasingly Contested Environment

The global proliferation of precision-strike systems may be challenging the foundations of Western military-technological supremacy. Relatedly, the development of so-called Anti-Access and Area Denial (A2/AD) capabilities across the globe threatens to complicate Western freedom of military movement and access, and could give way to a more contested military-strategic environment. The twin challenges of precision-strike proliferation and A2/AD strongly impact NATO’s agenda, which revolves around strengthening deterrence and defence in Eastern Europe, and addressing the different threats emanating from the so-called Southern European neighbourhood. In order to address or mitigate such challenges, the Alliance needs to produce operational concepts and capabilities able to deliver deterrence and expeditionary warfare in a maturing precision-strike environment, one characterised by the emergence of A2/AD capabilities.     

反向传播神经网络用于牛黄解毒片的质量评价研究

目的：研究中成药牛黄解毒片的质量评价方法。方法：应用反向传播神经网络（ＢＰ神经网络）模型。结果：该分类结果与其它经典方法一致,识别准确率为１００％。结论：该方法具有较强的容错能力和较快的识别速度,简单易行,便于大规模的数据处理,也可用其它中成药的质量评价。     

论和谐社会的本质特征与实现路径

构建和谐社会是人类社会的理想,只有深刻把握其本质特征才有可能实现。和谐社会的本质特征体现在六个方面:公平正义、规则有序、协调均衡、价值坚守、社群互认和宽容仁爱。和谐社会的构建需要历经两个阶段:法理阶段的社会和谐和伦理阶段的社会和谐,前者是和谐的基础阶段,后者则是成熟阶段。实现社会和谐应从基础阶段开始,以对公民权利的诉求为实现路径的开端,在各利益集团、各社会阶层相互博弈过程中达到多方利益的相对平衡。尔后向成熟阶段发展,以对他人和社会承担义务和责任的首要诉求为实现路径的开端,通过内敛与自我约束而达到非博弈状态下的利益平衡。这才是理想状态下的社会和谐,因为体现了更丰富的道德内涵和本质上的公平正义。     

中国化妆品动物试验立法完善——与欧盟立法比较

对化妆品进行安全性评价及数据分析，离不开动物试验。欧盟最早通过立法规范化妆品动物试验，对他国相关立法具有重要的指导和借鉴意义。中国作为世界第三大化妆品市场，如果不禁止化妆品动物试验，不仅将面临化妆品动物福利贸易壁垒，而且无法进口未经动物试验的化妆品。中国应通过立法鼓励化妆品生产商使用动物“替代方法”研发新产品，并逐步禁止化妆品动物试验。     

以“4+3”管理手段为载体 探索采油厂基层队内部市场管理新途径

大庆油田有限责任公司第三采油厂在基层单位运用市场手段,探索实施"4+3"内部市场管理法。"4+3",即构建4个内部模拟市场,完善三项配套措施。实行"4+3"内部市场化管理模式两年来,基层队发生了深刻变化:员工自觉性明显提高;员工学习技术热情明显提高;员工挖潜增效意识明显提高;基层生产管理水平明显提高。     

试析我国慈善事业法的局部建构

公益捐赠是指自然人、法人或其他组织为发展社会公益事业或资助不特定的社会成员而无偿向公益团体或其他法定组织机构捐赠资金或实物的行为。但社会主体向临时机构所做的捐赠和社会主体向特定受益人所做的资助不属于公益捐赠。社会募捐是指具有民事行为能力的自然人、法人或其他非法人组织以救助、摆脱困难为特定目的,向特定范围或全社会不特定人发起捐赠款物,用于救助特定受益人或不特定受益群体的行为。慈善事业的发展需要完善制度建设,加快慈善立法。慈善行为的法律规制是慈善立法最为核心的部分。