本质上争议的概念：理解强奸的一种进路

近年来围绕强奸概念展开的争论,绝非简单的术语之争,而是道德发展过程的一种动态展示,具有重要的(法律或道德)规范性意义。通过诉诸传统理解,或以技术性原因为由排斥现代女性主义强奸理解的观点,本质上是在通过概念界定压制道德发展。强奸应被视为一种"本质上争议的概念",如此理解,则女性主义对强奸的重新解读或是渗透性界定,以及由此导致的强奸范畴的扩展,就是一种合理的道德或法律发展过程。将强奸视为"本质上争议的概念",意味着关于强奸的公共讨论必须保持开放性,同时也不会导致"任何界定都是可接受的"这种相对主义结论,借助一定的标准,就能够将强奸争论框定在合理的范围之内。     

嫖宿幼女罪的立法反思与完 善简

在司法实践中，嫖宿幼女罪单独成罪引发的问题日益明显。文章通过对比分析嫖宿幼女罪与强奸罪在犯罪构成方面的异同，深入论证嫖宿幼女罪在平等适用法律、罪刑法定、立法协调性等方面存在的问题，并从刑事立法的角度进一步探究规制嫖宿幼女行为的解决方案。     

论“君子协定”下的婚内强奸——从婚姻本质说起

一般情况下丈夫与妻子发生性关系并不构成强奸罪.但在有正当理由下妻子可以拒绝丈夫的请求权,若丈夫使用暴力、胁迫或其他手段强行与妻子发生性行为应视情况以虐待罪、侮辱罪或故意伤害罪处罚.若夫妻处于诉请离婚阶段时,夫妻之间的婚姻契约因向法院起诉而宣告有随时解约的可能性,此时丈夫强行与妻子发生性关系属违背妇女意志,应视为强奸罪,但应转为告诉罪以区别一般的强奸罪.     

被体制否定的女人——评苏珊·俄利希的《再现强奸:语言与性同意》

苏珊·俄利希的《再现强奸》一书研究熟人强奸案件审判过程中的语言实践。作者认为整个审判过程都受着最大抗拒这个潜在标准的引导。这种支配案件审理的意识形态指导着强奸案件审理中的语言实践,试图将被害人的一些反抗性策略解释为同意性的性行为。这种主导性意识形态在具体的关于性暴力的庭审语言实践中渗透、流通。通过分析案件审理过程中各方的语言可以看到,女性被强制性的体制建构为缺乏、无效的主体,强奸迷思仍然深刻镶嵌在庭审各环节的逻辑预设中,是庭审各方依赖的意识形态解释框架。     

Alcohol and Parasomnias: The Statistical Evaluation of the Parasomnia Defense in Sexual Assault,Where Alcohol is Involved

Sleep sex may be a defense for alleged sexual assault. The International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD3) states: “Disorders of arousal should not be diagnosed in the presence of alcohol intoxication… The former [alcohol blackouts] are exponentially more prevalent.” A panel member of ICSD3, quoting ICSD3 asserts: “alcohol intoxication should rule out a sleep-walking defense”. This implies extremely strong support for a prosecution hypothesis (H_p) over a defense hypothesis (H_d). I use Bayesian methodology to evaluate the evidential probity of alcohol intoxication. The likelihood ratio, LR, measures the amplification of prior odds of guilt, . By Bayes' theorem, . I use data from cross-sectional studies of sexual assault and prevalence of alcohol use, in college students, with data from longitudinal studies, and data from the epidemiology of parasomnias to evaluate LR (alcohol). LR ~1.5 or 5, depending whether alcohol does, or does not, increase the risk of parasomnias. The proposition of extremely strong support for H_p implies a LR ~1,000,000, so the proposition in ICSD3 is not supported by formal analysis. The statistical reasoning in ICSD3 is unclear. There appears to be inversion of the Bayesian conditional (confusing intoxication given assault, and assault given intoxication) and failure to evaluate alcohol intoxication in H_d. Similar statistical errors in R. v Sally Clark are discussed. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine should review the statistical methodology in ICSD3.     

Rape myth in true and false rape allegations

Abstract

Police records of 38 rape allegations, evenly split into maintained-as-true and withdrawn-as-false categories were compared with 19 generated-false statements from recruited participants. The Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance Scale (IRMAS) was used to assess the attitudes of the participants and a content analysis derived from IRMAS was used to compare the three categories of allegation. Rape myths were present in all three allegation types. The two categories of false allegation both contained more rape myths than the true allegations but no differences were found between the generated and withdrawn false allegations. High scorers in IRMAS also produced more violent false accounts. In addition to these findings, this study provides support for the further examination of rape myths in both false and true statements and use of generated allegations as proxies for real false statements.     

嫖宿幼女罪分解归入强奸罪与猥亵儿童罪及立法修订研究

嫖宿幼女罪的客观方面分别与强奸罪和猥亵儿童罪的一部分相重合,可以将该罪归入后两个犯罪中,减少冗余罪名及引发的司法适用中的矛盾和民众的不满。这样处理对幼女的身心健康的法益保护范围不会减少,而定罪界限更加明确。归入两罪后,对强奸罪中嫖宿幼女量刑情节进一步细化,通过刑法修订增设猥亵儿童罪加重的构成要件,能够进一步有效从严打击相关犯罪。     

论轮奸的复行为理论与共同正犯说

在我国刑法中，轮奸被定位为强奸犯罪的一种加重情节，而非独立的罪名。因强奸犯罪属复行为犯，复行为中的强制行为之上可成立共同正犯，而奸淫行为具有亲手性和排他性，故不能成立共同正犯，各犯罪人只能轮流地、各自地实施奸淫行为。轮奸不是典型意义上的共同正犯，而是数个独立意义上的强奸犯罪之叠加，也只能在宏观上被拟制成为“共同正犯”，即多犯罪人“在实现各自轮流奸淫被害人的目的支配下”通过参与实施“团体性”强制行为而实现每个犯罪人对被害人的奸淫行为。     

“春药”引发的刑事难题及解决

近年来,利用催情药水等春药与女性发生性行为的案例呈逐年递增之势,受害者也呈现出低龄化趋势。面对这一现象,尴尬是目前还无法对催情药水等春药的成分及功效作出有效鉴定,这对案件的侦办无疑会是一个不小的阻碍。在此前提下应对之策除了把握具体案件的特殊性之外,利用现有刑法理论对案件进行合理的论证也是解决问题的路径之一。     

Race,rape and capital punishment in Connecticut to 1830

ABSTRACT

Goodheart's narrative of the death penalty in early Connecticut argues that the racist depiction of black men as violent sexual predators who preyed on white women goes back hundreds of years and flourished in New England. The depiction of African American men as lascivious and dangerous was well established during slave times. The resulting prosecutorial treatment of black-on-white rape was remarkably consistent during the colonial and early national period. After the only white man was hanged for rape in 1693, the remaining five executions were all of Blacks. No one of any race was hanged for the rape of a Native American or African American woman. A marker of the marginalization of African Americans is that the final person hanged in Connecticut for a crime other than homicide was a black man for rape in 1817. This persistent pattern of prejudice is a telling example of the impact of race on criminal justice, especially the capital crime of rape.