少数民族地区网络舆情危机诉求表达及其参与主体的特殊性分析

相对于一般的网络舆情主体之诉求指向,少数民族公众在网络舆情危机中体现的意愿、诉求、指向等态度与情绪,大都集中于利益表达、社会抗议、行为动员三个方面。此外,少数民族地区网络舆情危机中的主体特殊性主要表现为:主体间的"数字鸿沟"现象更为明显;参与主体成分的多元性特征十分突出。     

侵犯著作权的惩罚性赔偿与表达自由

著作权侵权具有易发性、难以预防和控制、侵权成本低与维权成本高的特点。传统民法认为,侵权损害赔偿只具有填补损害的功能。然而,作品作为一种典型的公共产品,著作权人对作品的控制较弱,补偿性损害赔偿难以为著作权提供足够保护。因此,在著作权侵权救济中应引入惩罚性赔偿。同时,考虑到惩罚性赔偿有可能会不合理地限制作品的传播进而影响到社会公众的表达自由,在惩罚性赔偿的适用范围和条件上应当做出一定限制。     

Unblocking the Digital Economy Act 2010; human rights issues in the UK

Through an example of a study utilizing the case-law research method, this paper critically assesses whether taking into account both the findings of Mr La Rue (the United Nations Rapporteur on Human Rights) as well as some Court of Justice of the European Union's (CJEU) case-law, website blocking could be implemented in a way which is compatible with the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), in particular, with Article 10. Drawing upon, inter alia, Ofcom site blocking review, sections 17 and 18 of the Digital Economy Act 2010 (DEA), section 97A of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (CDPA), and some independent expert evidence, this paper's major argument is that in view of the CJEU SABAM v Scarlet and SABAM v Netlog, the UK government's decision to repeal the website blocking provisions of the DEA appears appropriate. The paper examines the findings of Fox v BT. It contrasts such findings with the CJEU's case-law and in light of the incompatibility of any website blocking measure with the cumulative three-part test set out in the United Nations Rapporteur on Human Rights discusses a number of implications. It concludes that given that the implementation of content blocking systems, such as Cleanfeed is likely to result in general monitoring being carried out; the UK government could possibly be in breach of EU law, namely, Article 15(1) of Directive 2000/31.     

法医毒物鉴定结果科学表述模式的思考

法医毒物鉴定报告是毒物鉴定结果的表述模式。通过对国内外毒物鉴定报告形式和内涵的比较分析,认为我国现行按照《司法鉴定程序通则》规定出具的通用型的毒物鉴定报告尚不够专业、严谨、科学、充分,由于毒物鉴定报告的简约性和模糊性,证据的可靠性、科学性尚存在质疑,毒物分析结果的有效、充分利用尚不能实现。据此,提出毒物鉴定结果表述模式的建议。     

猪链球菌2型三种重组表达蛋白对BALB/c小鼠的免疫保护性评价

将150只BALB/c小鼠随机分成5组。用猪链球菌2型pET32a-Sly、pET32a-38ku和pET32a-Sly-38ku表达的重组蛋白制备的疫苗,以及猪链球菌2型全菌灭活疫苗分别免疫A、B、C、D组小鼠,E组为生理盐水对照。首免后第2周加强免疫1次,二免后第2周,用致死量强毒猪链球菌2型四川分离株和江苏分离株以及马链球菌兽疫亚种安徽分离株攻毒,观察攻毒后对小鼠的免疫保护率。结果,A组与C、D组对猪链球菌2型感染的保护率差异显著(P<0.05),而C组与D组之间保护率无显著差异;A、B、C、D组之间对马链球菌兽疫亚种安徽分离株感染的保护率差异不显著;各免疫组的保护率极显著高于对照组。结果表明,3种重组疫苗具有良好的免疫原性,能对强毒株猪链球菌2型的攻击感染起到保护作用。     

猪囊尾蚴T24基因的克隆与表达

采用RT-PCR方法扩增猪囊尾蚴T24免疫原基因,将扩增产物与pGEM-T easy载体连接,重组质粒经PCR、酶切鉴定后进行测序;构建T24基因的pGEX-4T-1原核表达载体,经IPTG诱导表达后,进行SDS-PAGE、Western-blotting;用所表达的蛋白免疫小鼠,经ELISA检测血清抗体,验证其免疫原性。结果显示。所克隆的T24基因片段长716 bp。含有1个678 bp的开放阅读框,其编码226个氨基酸,与已报道的猪囊虫T24基因核苷酸序列同源性为100％;表达的融合蛋白大小为40 ku,并能被猪囊虫阳性血清识别;免疫小鼠在免疫1周后即可检测到血清抗体,第30 d达到较高水平,表明该融合蛋白具有较好的免疫原性。     

The Dynamics of Mass Killings: Testing Time-Series Models of One-Sided Violence in the Bosnian Civil War

Many observers contend that wartime civilian victimization is an instrument of political leaders to achieve a particular goal. This article examines whether retaliation for similar acts by the other side, the developments on the battlefield, or the behavior of international actors accounts for the ups and downs of this so-called one-sided violence. Using information from the Konstanz One-Sided Violence Event Dataset and other sources, we evaluate the empirical relevance of these complementary models statistically. Time series analyses of the weekly number of killed and harmed Muslims (Bosniacs) and Serbs during the Bosnian civil war support the military and the massacre logic. We show that the Serbian side decreased one-sided violence following a territorial conquest, but that its one-sided violence was not a reciprocal response to the Bosniac targeting of civilians. Conversely, the Bosniac side resorted to violence during times of increasing Serbian atrocities and when the fighting was particularly intense. The analysis reveals that most international interventions did not reduce the carnage, but that the Serbs responded to Russian moves.     

猪巨细胞病毒四川株gB基因的克隆表达及抗原性分析

为研究猪巨细胞病毒(PCMV)SC株gB蛋白的免疫学活性,采用PCR扩增PCMV SC株gB全基因和不含跨膜区及信号肽的gB基因片段,将后者克隆至pET-30a(+)载体,转化Rosetta(DE3)感受态细胞,经IPTG诱导以获得高效表达。将纯化蛋白免疫家兔制备多克隆抗体,分别用琼脂扩散试验和Western-blot对多克隆抗体和复性的gB蛋白进行检测。结果显示,扩增的PCMV gB基因全长2 580bp,编码860个氨基酸。与国内外参考株的核苷酸和氨基酸序列相似性分别为97.8%～99.5%和96.6%～99.0%;与其他9株β疱疹病毒核苷酸和氨基酸序列相似性分别为33.3%～41.4%和13.3%～49.4%;系统进化分析显示,PCMV与人疱疹病毒6型和7型属于一个分支。gB肽链N端1～23位氨基酸为信号肽,729～751位氨基酸间含有跨膜区。构建的表达载体pET30a-gB-B在Rosetta(DE3)感受态细胞中经IPTG诱导后以包涵体形式表达出大小约80ku的蛋白。所制备的血清琼扩抗体效价为1∶16,Western-blot显示重组gB蛋白可与PCMV阳性猪血清反应。结果表明,PCMV gB基因较为保守,与国内外不同地区的PCMV毒株具有较高的相似性,所表达的重组蛋白具有很好的抗原性。     

猪札幌病毒VP1基因的表达及ELISA抗体检测方法的建立

为了在大肠杆菌中表达猪札幌病毒VP1基因,并以纯化的重组蛋白为抗原建立猪札幌病毒血清抗体ELISA检测方法。采用RT-PCR技术扩增VP1基因,并将其克隆到pMD18-T载体中,再将所克隆的衣壳蛋白的编码序列亚克隆到表达载体pET-28a(+)中,将成功构建的原核表达质粒pETSAVCAP转化大肠杆菌Rosetta(DE3)进行诱导表达。用纯化的VP1蛋白作为抗原建立了猪札幌病毒血清抗体间接ELISA检测方法并初步用于临床样品的检测。结果显示,猪札幌病毒VP1基因可在大肠杆菌中稳定、高效地表达,Western-blot分析表明该重组蛋白具有良好的反应原性。经对反应条件进行优化,确定间接ELISA的抗原最佳包被浓度为0.5μg/mL,且不与其他常见猪病的阳性血清发生交叉反应,建立的ELISA方法具有较好的敏感性、特异性和重复性。通过对从多个省份收集的490份猪血清样品进行检测,阳性率为65.31%。表明,以大肠杆菌表达的猪札幌病毒VP1重组蛋白为抗原建立的间接ELISA方法可以用于猪札幌病毒抗体的检测。     

内含肽和麦芽糖结合蛋白介导具有抗病毒活性牛α干扰素的表达

为了在大肠杆菌表达系统中高效表达具有抗病毒活性的重组牛α干扰素(BoIFN-α)蛋白,在BoIFN-α基因的上游无缝连接内含肽Ssp DnaB intein(SDI)序列,然后克隆至pMAL-c2X载体中,构建含有内含肽和麦芽糖结合蛋白基因的表达载体pMAL-SDI-BoIFN-α,将重组载体转化至大肠杆菌Rosetta感受态细胞,IPTG诱导表达。结果表明,融合基因获得高效表达,且产物主要以可溶形式存在。经直链淀粉树脂纯化后可得到纯度较高的目的蛋白。经MDBK-BVDV(牛病毒性腹泻病毒)干扰素活性系统检测,证实干扰素融合蛋白具有抗病毒活性。