公共管理学思想源流探析

公共管理学的思想源流汇集政治学、经济学、管理学等多学科的理论体系及其方法。其历史沿革要追溯到公共行政学的由来;新公共管理有公共政策途径和企业管理途径两种概念演进途径;当代公共管理学的理论基础源自公共选择理论、新制度经济学等。     

论朝鲜“脱北者”的国际法地位及我国的对策

近年来,朝鲜"脱北者"问题逐渐成为地区乃至国际热点问题,中国在该问题上以遣返为主的政策也日益面临来自其他国家的压力。从1951年《关于难民地位的公约》的规定和相关国际实践来看,"脱北者"是否具有难民地位不能一概而论,而是要具体问题具体分析;我国的现有政策总体上无可非议,同时可以考虑按照国际条约,给予那些确因政治原因出逃的"脱北者"们国际法上的难民地位。此外,我国还有必要建立健全处理难民及相关问题的机制。     

思想政治教育对经济学“假设”思想的借鉴

经济学主要研究人类的欲望、理想及人类本性中的其他情感问题,而思想政治教育不断创造人类精神财富,丰富着人类情感生活,在这一方面思想政治教育和经济学有共通之处。将经济学中"经济人假设、市场经济体制假设、信息完全假设和给定假设"引入思想政治教育中,用经济学的基本原理和方法来分析思想政治教育活动,为思想政治教育提供新的分析技术,为思想政治教育与经济学的交叉学习提供一种研究的方式。     

论家政业发展对妇女就业与发展的双重作用

家政业的发展既能增加妇女就业机会,降低妇女失业率,又能缓解在业妇女家务劳动的压力,促进妇女发展.在当前,我国要发展家政业,一是必须解决妇女的择业观念问题;二是必须解决家政供需结构问题.     

Theory for Accounting or Accounting Theory: An Essay on the Interaction between Economics and Accounting

The disciplines of general economics and business economics have been growing apart. Business economics has a more practice oriented and multidisciplinary focus. The background for this paper is the question whether, and in what manner, general economics can contribute to the development of business economics. This paper delves into the roots of the old-institutional economic school, in particular into the ideas of Schmoller. More specifically, it is a preliminary investigation into the question whether the insights of the old-institutional school can have a bearing on (management) accounting research. Some future directions in this respect are suggested at the end.     

The impact of economic theories on the law in market relations

The impact of economic theories on legal development, thinking and practice is undeniable. This is particularly true for neo-classical and institutional economics. Neo-classical economics are based on model assumptions of human behaviour such as pursuit of personal advantage, individualistic goals, complete information and at the same time law obedience which are the foundations of the functioning of the market mechanisms. The assumption leads to an almost mystical belief in the self-regulatory power of the market and a strong disdain and disapproval of the State. The concepts of a minimal State and de-regulation of all social relations follow from there. This article argues that model assumptions are valid scientific tools, as long as they are not taken to reflect the real world which is populated by real people that are not necessarily behaving like homines oeconomici. Preaching de-regulation and the dismissal of the State can prove simplistic and even dangerous and may lead to financial and economic crises like the ones witnessed in recent years. Institutional economics part from these empirical findings. They do not question individualism and the pursuit of egoistic objectives of market-participants, but they insist on inherent risks of this mechanism which stems from opportunistic behaviour, lack of information and transparency and the limits of trust. Property economists deduct from there that sustainable and dynamic economic development is unthinkable without well defined property title, the distinction of property and possession and credit securities. These institutions cannot be self-regulatory but need a clear legal frame, in other words rules established by a State. Transaction costs economists understand the danger of opportunistic behaviour and a corresponding systemic lack of trust in the negotiation, conclusion and execution of contracts. They underline the necessity of institutions which are capable of limiting these dangers and thus reducing transaction costs. Institutions may be customs, informal arrangements and formal law. At the end two examples are presented-real estate transactions and post-patriarchal family relations-to test the utility of these considerations.     

古典经济学的市场观

西方经济学长期以来一直存在着两大主要流派的分歧,即凯恩斯主义和经济自由主义的争论。这些流派对现代宏观经济波动及治理问题的讨论,往往都从古典经济学中寻找理论的支撑或批判的靶子,而古典经济学的市场观实际上是市场经济的效率观,有严格的限定条件,如果将其放在现代市场经济波动问题中来讨论都会发生理论认识上的误解。     

制度环境、预期和效率——民事审限制度改革的新视角

民事审限制度作为一项具体的民事诉讼制度,面临着存与废之争论,改革之声也此起彼伏。从制度经济学的有关理论和公共选择经济学这个视角进行分析,民事审限制度只是民事诉讼这一制度群里的一项具体制度,有其存在的制度环境,而且能实现其制度预期,不应废止。但是民事审限延长制度因其责任主体违法处罚制度的缺失,以及审限延长理由的过于抽象性的规定,存在监管真空,极易出现司法腐败,有碍提高司法效率,因此亟需进行改革和完善。     

Towards a Theory of Institutionalized Judicial Exceptionalism

What happens when the exception becomes the norm, what happens when the law becomes a form for that which cannot have a legal form, that is, the political? The focus of this article is a form of power politics that is institutionalised and set up to work side by side with the existing legal system as a sort of normalized, co‐ordinated court procedure, initiated with the aim of subjecting specific groups (terrorists, criminals) to extended regulatory control and enforcement. These strategic bureaucratic mechanisms of exclusion appear as security enforced measures, which side by side with the existing ‘normal’ legal system govern a specific judicial‐political area. The normalised (or rooted, if one wishes) incorporation of extra‐judicial authority within the legal system will in the article be refered to as institutionalised judicial exceptionalism. The purpose of the article is to theorise and conceptualise the in many ways murky or indistinct phenomenon of institutionalised judicial exceptionalism.This task includes suggesting a model capable of assimilating within its theory the displacement in the relationship between the state, the law and the citizen that stems from the fact that the ever more securitized discourses on terrorism and crime increasingly take priority over the ordinarily non‐derogable principle of equality before the law.