公共管理学思想源流探析

公共管理学的思想源流汇集政治学、经济学、管理学等多学科的理论体系及其方法。其历史沿革要追溯到公共行政学的由来;新公共管理有公共政策途径和企业管理途径两种概念演进途径;当代公共管理学的理论基础源自公共选择理论、新制度经济学等。     

简述马克思主义产生的历史条件及理论来源

马克思主义是国际工人运动和社会主义运动的战斗纲领 ,它的诞生是无产阶级反对资产阶级的阶级斗争的需要 ,也是阶级斗争实践的结晶 ,在此基础上 ,马克思、恩格斯批判地继承了人类优秀文化遗产 ,从而创立了科学共产主义理论     

Positive,Normative and Functional Schools in Law and Economics

During its relatively short history, the law and economics movement has developed three distinct schools of thought. The first two schools of thought, often referred to as the Chicago or positive school and the Yale or normative school, developed almost concurrently. The functional school of law and economics, which developed subsequently, draws from public choice theory and the constitutional perspective of the Virginia school of economics to offer a third perspective which is neither fully positive nor fully normative. Various important methodological questions have accompanied the debate between these schools concerning the appropriate role of economic analysis in the institutional design of lawmaking and the limits of methods of evaluation of social preferences and aggregate welfare in policy analysis. These debates have contributed to the growing intellectual interest in the economic analysis of law.JEL Classification: K00, B0, B5, B25, B41     

论朝鲜“脱北者”的国际法地位及我国的对策

近年来,朝鲜"脱北者"问题逐渐成为地区乃至国际热点问题,中国在该问题上以遣返为主的政策也日益面临来自其他国家的压力。从1951年《关于难民地位的公约》的规定和相关国际实践来看,"脱北者"是否具有难民地位不能一概而论,而是要具体问题具体分析;我国的现有政策总体上无可非议,同时可以考虑按照国际条约,给予那些确因政治原因出逃的"脱北者"们国际法上的难民地位。此外,我国还有必要建立健全处理难民及相关问题的机制。     

基于经济学视角的传统教育与网络教育整合分析

网络教育在一定程度上改变着传统教育的方式和行为。从经济学的视角来观察新兴网络教育的优势以及传统教育的不足,实现传统教育和网络教育的整合,有利于教育多元化的发展,同时也是未来教育发展的一个新思路。     

思想政治教育对经济学“假设”思想的借鉴

经济学主要研究人类的欲望、理想及人类本性中的其他情感问题,而思想政治教育不断创造人类精神财富,丰富着人类情感生活,在这一方面思想政治教育和经济学有共通之处。将经济学中"经济人假设、市场经济体制假设、信息完全假设和给定假设"引入思想政治教育中,用经济学的基本原理和方法来分析思想政治教育活动,为思想政治教育提供新的分析技术,为思想政治教育与经济学的交叉学习提供一种研究的方式。     

望远镜里的法经济学:理论架构和分析工具

法律经济学是利用经济分析的架构探讨法学问题。在面对各种官司时,除了诉诸相关的法条之外,还要有意识地提醒自己:思索和分析的工具,到底是什么?法学里常把问题分为两类,程序问题和实体问题;透过程序,处理实体。经济分析也是如此,透过各种分析技巧,厘清问题;实质问题所涉及的价值取舍,通常是分析的第二步或第三步。在法学教育中,几乎很少提到往前看的观点;当如何善后变得纠缠不清时,往前看的视角往往能另辟蹊径、豁然开朗。最重要的是,法律经济学的方法论,是先建构了解社会的一般性、原则性理论,再以之探讨法学问题。经济分析的特色和说服力如何,最好让证据来说话。     

证券集团诉讼在中国的制度价值——法经济学与法社会学的悖论

美国证券集团诉讼制度对保护中小投资者、维护证券市场的公平、公开、合法运作起到了积极作用。关于将该制度移植、改良,用以维护中国证券市场的健康有序发展的问题,学界已讨论多年。从法经济学和法社会学角度分别探讨证券集团诉讼制度引入中国的积极因素和消极条件,确认其独特、高效、经济的制度价值,明确将证券集团诉讼引入中国的必要性、迫切性和改良手段,具有重要研究意义。     

西方主流经济学基本研究方法评析——重温《哲学的贫困》的思考

西方主流经济学哲学上的唯心主义和形而上的思维是导致其不能深刻认识现代经济特征、做出合理预测和有效解决问题的根源。因此,主流经济学的实证与规范分析存在很大的缺陷。《哲学的贫困》是马克思开始运用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义进行经济分析的标志性文献。逻辑与历史相统一是认识经济现象、把握经济发展变化的根本方法,在今天看来,这一根本方法对审视主流经济学研究的缺陷及指导我国经济理论研究依然有重要意义。     

The impact of economic theories on the law in market relations

The impact of economic theories on legal development, thinking and practice is undeniable. This is particularly true for neo-classical and institutional economics. Neo-classical economics are based on model assumptions of human behaviour such as pursuit of personal advantage, individualistic goals, complete information and at the same time law obedience which are the foundations of the functioning of the market mechanisms. The assumption leads to an almost mystical belief in the self-regulatory power of the market and a strong disdain and disapproval of the State. The concepts of a minimal State and de-regulation of all social relations follow from there. This article argues that model assumptions are valid scientific tools, as long as they are not taken to reflect the real world which is populated by real people that are not necessarily behaving like homines oeconomici. Preaching de-regulation and the dismissal of the State can prove simplistic and even dangerous and may lead to financial and economic crises like the ones witnessed in recent years. Institutional economics part from these empirical findings. They do not question individualism and the pursuit of egoistic objectives of market-participants, but they insist on inherent risks of this mechanism which stems from opportunistic behaviour, lack of information and transparency and the limits of trust. Property economists deduct from there that sustainable and dynamic economic development is unthinkable without well defined property title, the distinction of property and possession and credit securities. These institutions cannot be self-regulatory but need a clear legal frame, in other words rules established by a State. Transaction costs economists understand the danger of opportunistic behaviour and a corresponding systemic lack of trust in the negotiation, conclusion and execution of contracts. They underline the necessity of institutions which are capable of limiting these dangers and thus reducing transaction costs. Institutions may be customs, informal arrangements and formal law. At the end two examples are presented-real estate transactions and post-patriarchal family relations-to test the utility of these considerations.