让人民幸福——当代中国经济学的崇高使命

幸福是人类的共同追求。中国各级政府在＂十二五＂规划中都有承诺：＂让人民幸福。＂经济学所追求的生产财富的＂效率＂目标是国民幸福的基础,经济学所追求的分配财富的＂公平＂目标是国民幸福的关键,经济学所追求的享受财富的＂共同＂目标是国民幸福的核心。让人民幸福是中国当代经济学的崇高使命。     

Credible Criminal Enforcement

Economic models of crime and punishment implicitly assume that the government can credibly commit to the fines, sentences, and apprehension rates it has chosen. We study the government’s problem when credibility is an issue. We find that several of the standard predictions of the economic model are altered when commitment is taken into account. Specifically, when only fines are used, commitment results in a lower apprehension rate and hence a higher crime rate. However, when jail is used (with or without fines), apprehension rates and jail terms may be higher or lower compared to the optimal static policy.JEL K14, K42     

股权优先购买权研究：交易成本视角

结合民法的基本理论和现实的股权交易实际存在的问题,从法经济学尤其是交易成本的角度,对现行《公司法》的有关立法规定进行检讨,股权优先购买权现行立法中存在制度缺陷和操作难度,从便利股权流转和保护交易、降低交易成本的目的出发,应完善现行的股权优先购买权制度。     

国家土地督察制度的法经济学分析

运用法经济学理论分析国家土地督察制度,通过供需分析、成本效益分析、激励分析表明,土地督察制度的供给属于由中央主导创新的供给型供给,其滞后于土地管理需要.由于我国目前还没有解决土地产权、干部考核机制问题,土地督察制度的激励机制缺失.土地督察制度是符合效率原则的,关键在于构建一套制度运行的保障机制.因此,明确界定土地督察权、建立内部激励机制、供给新的后续政策、培育"土地维权"中介组织、进行财税、产权配套改革,应该成为土地督察制度的创新方向.     

Positive,Normative and Functional Schools in Law and Economics

During its relatively short history, the law and economics movement has developed three distinct schools of thought. The first two schools of thought, often referred to as the Chicago or positive school and the Yale or normative school, developed almost concurrently. The functional school of law and economics, which developed subsequently, draws from public choice theory and the constitutional perspective of the Virginia school of economics to offer a third perspective which is neither fully positive nor fully normative. Various important methodological questions have accompanied the debate between these schools concerning the appropriate role of economic analysis in the institutional design of lawmaking and the limits of methods of evaluation of social preferences and aggregate welfare in policy analysis. These debates have contributed to the growing intellectual interest in the economic analysis of law.JEL Classification: K00, B0, B5, B25, B41     

国际私法中规则和标准之争的经济学分析

国际私法规范是应该主要表现为规则还是应该表现为标准引起了很大的争论,传统的理论分析在这个问题上并没有得出令人满意的结论。20世纪60年代经济学的方法被引进到国际私法领域中,并且首先被运用到对规则和标准合理性的论证中,现有的经济分析并没有给人们清晰的思路来解决规则和标准的争论。要想用经济学的方法来解决国际私法关于规则和标准之间的争论,必须深入到规则和标准的经济学本质并结合国际私法的实际,才能得出科学的结论。     

新时代我国和谐劳动关系构建的政治经济学分析

劳动关系是社会和谐发展的风向标,构建和谐劳动关系是中国特色社会主义事业的重要组成部分。 本研究从马克思关于劳动关系的一般论述中汲取理论支撑,从我国劳动关系演进的制度化与常态化进程中借鉴 有益经验,为构建新时代中国特色和谐劳动关系提供参考。研究认为,当前人民日益增长的美好生活需要对我 国劳动关系的构建提出了更高更全面的要求,但是我国劳动力的供给状况和新型就业形态的涌现给劳动关系治 理带来了_定的挑战,劳动关系主体地位失衡以及劳动关系协调机制不健全等问题在一定程度上制约了和谐劳 动关系构建的进程。研究建议,构建中国特色和谐劳动关系,应始终坚持劳动者的主体地位,大力激发公有制 经济活力,发挥政府主导作用,加强新时代工会组织建设。     

Corporate Governance of Nonprofit Organizations: Cooperation and Control

Abstract

This article explores the limits of institutional economics regarding the cooperation of boards of directors and executive directors of nonprofit organizations. The normative separation of power between these central actors resulting especially from arguments derived from institutional economics is being reflected using the analytical approach from the resource-based view and empirical evidence based upon group and motivational theory. After analyzing the board’s role and the individual board member’s role within a nonprofit organization, the paper explores the limits to decision-making within governing bodies. The paper shows why a unitary board can improve the quality of decision-making within nonprofit organizations by raising the incentives for the executive director to act as desired. The paper also explores the impact of trust and different types of control upon the key actors within the governance process in order to derive the suitable form of control from that analysis.     

著作权法之激励理论研究——以经济学、社会福利理论与后现代主义为视角

激励理论是认识著作权法精神的一个重要哲学层面。激励理论可以从经济学层面加以理解。著作权法使用市场的经济酬报来激励新作品的创作和传播,即著作权法通过赋予作者或其他著作权人对被创作出来的作品的专有权,为作者提供市场经济上的回报,这将激励他们创作新的作品。激励理论也可以从社会福利理论和后现代主义的视野认识。