European national news

This article tracks developments at the national level in key European countries in the area of IT and communications and provides a concise alerting service of important national developments. It is co-ordinated by Herbert Smith Freehills LLP and contributed to by firms across Europe. This column provides a concise alerting service of important national developments in key European countries. Part of its purpose is to complement the Journal's feature articles and briefing notes by keeping readers abreast of what is currently happening ``on the ground'' at a national level in implementing EU level legislation and international conventions and treaties. Where an item of European National News is of particular significance, CLSR may also cover it in more detail in the current or a subsequent edition.     

The canary in the data mine

The present article aims at portraying the type of profile best required to fulfil the function of a Data Protection Officer (DPO) within the EU public sector. The article proposes the idiom of the “canary in a coal mine” as best positioned to describe the multidisciplinary role of DPOs. Due to the particularity and sensitivity of their function, Data Protection Officers act as early indicators of data protection incompliance within their respective area of expertise. Only when being functionally independent, Data Protection Officers could master the role of “canaries in the data mine” thus preventing possible data protection breaches and violations.     

试论避难权及其相关法律问题

国际法中的避难权,是基于出入境权,与驱逐外国人出境权、不将避难者推回绝境义务和驱逐出境抗辩程序权相对抗、共平衡的一项基本人权。避难权的本质是国家限制,国家没有国际义务给予其庇护。国家有权利驱逐未经许可入境或者许可入境后逾期不离境者对抗避难权。但是,只有完全履行不将避难者推回绝境义务、尊重驱逐出境抗辩程序权,驱逐外国人出境才是可以接受的。单独分析、实施其中任何一项,都会导致理论上理解的片面,和实践中处理与难民有关问题的不妥当。     

论网络交易平台提供商的民事法律责任

目前我国法律关于网络服务平台提供商的义务并无明文规定,各种纠纷发生后其所应当承担的法律责任如何认定亦是法律上的一个难题。网络交易平台提供商在性质上是独立于交易双方的中介,其通过平台的技术支持,实现交易的自动完成。因此,对于网络交易平台提供商不能完全套用现有的法律进行规制,应当根据其自身的特点设定其应当承担的法律义务及法律责任。网络交易平台提供商对于注册用户之间的交易纠纷应承担过错责任。     

European national news

The regular article tracking developments at the national level in key European countries in the area of IT and communications – co-ordinated by Herbert Smith LLP and contributed to by firms across Europe. This column provides a concise alerting service of important national developments in key European countries. Part of its purpose is to compliment the Journal's feature articles and Briefing Notes by keeping readers abreast of what is currently happening “on the ground” at a national level in implementing EU level legislation and international conventions and treaties. Where an item of European National News is of particular significance, CLSR may also cover it in more detail in the current or a subsequent edition.     

'No! I'm Not a Refugee!' The Poetics of Be-Longing among Young Oromos in Toronto

This paper presents some findings from an empirical study carriedout with young Oromos living in Toronto. To capture the complexitiesof negotiating be-longing, the paper offers dispersal–affinity—anew conceptual framework empirically grounded in an innovativemethodological design. Using participants' narratives in theempirical material, the paper contests the dualism created betweenessentialist and constructionist perspectives. It employs dispersal–affinityto explore participants' understandings of ‘the refugee’and the wider processes of refugeeization and refugee be-longing.Findings suggest that be-longing is a project of selfhood thatis both fixed and constantly shifting. It is argued that be-longingis constructed from the same movements of selfhood within andthrough social relationships. Young Oromos employ both essentialistand constructionist discourses to weave multiple layers of fixedand mobile be-longing. Implications for refugee studies arediscussed wherein dispersal–affinity is offered to criticallyengage the recent debate on ‘deceit and trickery’among refugees.     

Somali Community Organizations in London and Toronto: Collaboration and Effectiveness

This article considers the high number of Somali community organizationsin both London and Toronto. Drawing on interviews in both locationswith Somali women refugees and discussions with those involvedin their resettlement, evidence shows that many Somalis continueto feel marginalized in terms of service provision and thatcollective representation is limited, despite the high numberof specifically Somali organizations that exist. Through a comparisonof the Somali community organizations in London and Toronto,this article highlights factors which have inhibited the developmentof a united, collaborative Somali voice. Contributory factorsare shown to derive partly from the persistent clan dynamicsamong Somalis and the solutions Somalis find, and partly fromfailings in service and funding provision. It is argued that,in the Somali case, exclusionary dynamics undermine the roleof community organizations in rebuilding community and belongingand providing a safe and empowering setting in which individualsand communities may regain confidence and begin the processof integration within the receiving society.     

透视避风港原则合理注意义务的认定问题

后危机时代,视频网站行业的知识产权竞争及争议日益激烈,而与之相关的国际通用的“避风港”原则是否完全适用于国内新兴网络产业的疑问,涉及网络服务提供者、著作权人及最终消费者的利益平衡问题.土豆网胜诉案,凸显了我国侵权责任法合理注意义务的重要地位.然而,与美国Digital Millenium Copyright Act(DMCA)数字千年著作权法案中“通知与删除”程序对避风港原则合理注意义务规定相比,我国避风港原则对该义务的立法认定尚属模糊.时此,应当细化对网络服务合理行为的法律认定标准,包括对著作权人滥用通知共同侵权责任的认定、国家自主研发的网络过滤软件之推广、合理注意义务作为网络服务提供者过错标准的认定,以及网络著作权统一管理体系的创建等关键问题.     

论网络服务提供者的侵权责任

我国采取了以归责要件为核心的网络服务提供者侵权责任立法模式。此种立法没有充分注意到免责要件对网络服务提供者侵权责任的限制作用。它仅以信息网络传播权为主要保护客体,而对其他权利缺乏周全保护。为克服这种弊端,宜采取目的性解释的方法来理解网络服务提供者的免责条款与归责条件之间的关系;在判定网络服务提供者侵权责任之前,应优先考虑免责条款适用的可能性。建议制定以免责条款为核心的网络特别法。