Do informal workers meet the consumption expenditure? A study from urban Odisha,India

In developing countries like India, the majority of the workforce is informal. There is no specific study about the important factors that influence the consumption expenditure of informal workers working in urban areas. The purpose of this paper, thus, is to identify the determinants of the consumption expenditures of urban informal workers, and the same is explored with respect to migration and gender. In this regard, a primary survey was conducted at the household level of the informal sector workers following the method of multi-stage stratified sampling. The method of analysis of variance and a binary logistic regression model is employed. The inferences of the study explained that the expenditure pattern of the informal worker depends on socio-economic factors—age group, income level and essential commodities like milk, kerosene, oil and child education. The study also highlights the fact that the informal workers are dragged into the web of a vicious circle of poverty due to a higher level of consumption expenditure than income and demonstrates the effect of betel-tendu leaf mini cigarette-tobacco-alcohol. Hence, it is desirable that the policymakers should frame a regulated subsidised pricing policy for essential commodities as well as increase the minimum wage rate in order to strengthen the basic consumption expenditure of the informal workers.     

论区域协调中政府合作协议的法律规制

政府合作协议是行政权的运行方式之一,它的运用和发展需要以相应的法律加以规制。政府所能缔结的合作协议内容应当符合依法行政原则要求,缔结程序要考虑到公众参与的要求和批准备案的问题。协议效力需要通过赋予协议方的自力救济权以及上级政府的监督制约来加以保障。     

经济全球化背景下的洗钱犯罪防范

在经济全球化背景下,跨国犯罪日益猖獗,而洗钱作为跨国犯罪的核心环节,也呈现出有组织性、手段多样化等特点.国家之间必须相互合作,采取有力措施打击洗钱犯罪,才能有效遏制跨国犯罪.这就要求国家间在立法、相互交流信息情报、引渡跨国案件罪犯、反洗钱机制建设等领域进行合作,共同建立一个安全的国际环境.     

玉州区参与北部湾经济区开放开发的思考

玉州区作为广西北部湾经济区"4+2"之一玉林市的中心区,面对大开放大发展的新形势,必须把握发展态势,立足自身的区位条件、资源优势和产业特色,谋划发展、扩大开放,在利用国际、国内两种资源、两个市场中寻找发展机遇,拓展发展空间,努力构建内外联动、互利共赢、协作发展的开放型经济体系.     

李光耀的地区合作观

由于历史和现实的种种原因 ,李光耀认为新国坡与邻国之间既存在相互依存的关系 ,也存在相互猜疑甚至相互间的矛盾。尽管如此 ,李光耀一再重申地区合作的重要性 ,并强调地区合作的渐进性、开放性、非种族性和非意识形态性。     

LASTING PEACE A decades-old international relations tenet remains crucial to global security

正Although China is demonstrating its peaceful approach to international affairs,it has always been an easy target for critics in the Western media.Any unharmonious interaction between China and its neighbors is likely to be exaggerated by the outside world as China’s wrongdoing.Observers call it undergoing the"growing pains"of a giant.Regardless,China is trying to     

The Philippines’ Arbitration Pleading Bodes Ill for SouthChina Sea Disputes

正THE Philippines submitted on March 30 a memorial to the arbitral tribunal at The Hague,urging it to invalidate China’s"nine-dash line"in the South China Sea.The Philippines first initiated arbitral proceedings against China over the     

World Leaders' Gatherings: From APEC to G20

正From Beijing to Naypyitaw and then Brisbane,world leaders had a tight schedule from November 7 to 16 that entailed attending several major international conferences in the Asia-Pacific region.On the global stage,Chinese leaders announced the country’s new proposals on international governance.     

Exchanges

正Danish Queen Margrethe II Visits China President Xi Jinping held talks with Queen Margrethe II of Denmark in Beijing on April 24,2014.Sino-Danish relations have never been better,said Xi Jinping,on the occasion of the Danish Queen’s visit.China has become Denmark’s largest trade partner in Asia and     

Significance of the BRICS Mechanism

正The two-day Sixth BRICS(Brazil,Russia,India,China,South Africa)Summit,which convenes on July 15 in Fortaleza,Brazil,marks the fi rst session of the second cycle of BRICS Summits.Formulated as a global investment concept a decade or more ago,the BRICS group has held summits respectively in Yekaterinburg,Brasilia,Sanya,New Delhi,and Durban.Inter-BRICS cooperation began with the foreign ministers’meeting during the 2006 UN General Assembly,and progressed to the First BRICS Summit of 2009.The mechanism has since evolved into a framework for building partnerships in international politics,international economy and pragmatic cooperation.Centering on BRICS Summits,the partnership is buttressed