Plugging the capability-expectations gap: towards effective,comprehensive and conflict-sensitive EU crisis response?

Since the entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty in 2009, the European Union (EU) has spent considerable time and energy on defining and refining its comprehensive approach to external conflicts. The knock-on effects of new and protracted crises, from the war in Ukraine to the multi-faceted armed conflicts in the Sahel and the wider Middle East, have made the improvement of external crisis-response capacities a top priority. But has the EU managed to plug the capability–expectations gap, and develop an effective, comprehensive and conflict sensitive crisis-response capability? Drawing on institutional theory and an approach developed by March and Olsen, this article analyses whether the EU has the administrative capacities needed in order to be an effective actor in this area and implement a policy in line with the established goals and objectives identified in its comprehensive approach.     

Organising for Effective Emergency Management: Lessons from Research1

The February 2009 bushfires have prompted a debate with regard to contemporary arrangements for dealing with large‐scale disasters. In this article, we seek to contribute to that debate by culling lessons learned from the literature on crisis and disaster management. We discuss what constitutes an effective disaster response system, we identify some key barriers to the effective functioning of such a system, and offer some suggestions for improvement.     

警察临战模式的反思与重建

公共危机事件的应对模式背后隐含着行为者的观念以及由此而形成的主观抉择,人们的行为模式一旦成形,就往往存在一个路径依赖的问题,而这种模式要想得到突破,取决于客观上模式运行的结果呈现“报酬递减”效应、主观上人们的“不适应预期”。现阶段,传统的警察应对危机事件的行为模式已经出现明显的不适应现实社会发展要求,这就需要及时对传统的警察临战模式进行反思,并在此基础上引入新的理论来指导重建。     

网络舆情的临战引导——基于哈尔滨警察与大学生互殴事件的分析

如何做好网络舆情的临战引导,是对临战指挥者在新时期做好维护社会稳定工作的一个新考验。本文基于哈尔滨警察与大学生互殴事件的网络舆情临战引导案例,分析了网络舆情发生、发展演变的一般规律及网络舆情的基本特征;提出了网络舆情临战处置的基本原则,以期对警察临战指辉者的正确决策有一定的借鉴价值。     

Pandemic Disease: A Past and Future Challenge to Governance in the United States

Throughout history, pandemics have posed significant challenges to governments. Examination of the ways that governments have responded to pandemics can contribute to the U.S. government's ability to react in the future. We utilize past cases of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and multiple forms of influenza to identify specific challenges governments have faced. Based on that knowledge, we discuss the major issues that the United States will have to address in the event of a future pandemic.     

奥巴马政府东亚政策的调整及中国的应对

对东亚政策的调整是奥巴马政府外交政策调整的主要方面。调整的内容包括,巩固与东亚盟国的关系,重视发展与东盟及东南亚国家的关系,而调整与中国政策的关系,无疑是美国东亚政策的核心。奥巴马政府对东亚政策的调整给中国外交政策带来了挑战,但如果处理得当,机遇明显大于挑战:美国东亚政策的调整可以促进中国推动国际秩序朝着更加公正合理方向发展的实践和规则的制定;为中美合作创造拓展更多的领域、提供更多的机会,特别是在非传统安全领域;也有利于中美关系的未来协调发展。     

人质谈判中劫持者话语的理解

话语意义的听辨、话语信息的解读和话语动机的推导是劫持者话语理解的主要内容。劫持者话语的理解在谈判中意义重大,利于谈判人员谈判时有的放矢,利于警方有效地控制犯罪嫌疑人,保障人质的生命安全。     

Authoritarian populism and response to COVID-19: A comparative study of the United States,India, and Brazil

As the phenomenon of populism is in the preliminary stages of exploratory research, the present study involves an empirical investigation involving a case study of the United States, India, and Brazil to examine whether a correlation exists between populism and management of COVID-19. The study adopts the ideational approach of populism as a set of ideas or discourse to review how core conceptual features of populism have impacted on management of COVID-19. The study has two main objectives: (1) to examine whether populism in the United States, India, and Brazil has determined “a populist response” to the pandemic in dealing with the health crises and (2) to explore the management of COVID-19 in the states led by right-wing populism and the commonality of populist approaches adopted in handling the health crisis. Comparing the three states' statistical data of management models, the study has argued that common populist mechanisms such as distrust for experts, contempt for institutions, and suspicion of “others” have guided the US, India, and Brazilian leadership response to COVID-19. It further argues that leadership in the United States, India, and Brazil has prevented effective management by politicizing the crisis, aggravating social polarization, and contradicting expert advice. Moreover, populist and nationalist orientation of the leadership has evaded responsibility in these states with the leadership blaming ethnicities for spreading the virus and by weakening societal solidarity.     

论刑事证明标准及其层次性

在刑事诉讼中,由于诉讼阶段不同,认识的层次和阶段任务有所差异,这就决定了在不同的刑事诉讼阶段应适用不同的证明标准;同时,由于证明责任机理的存在,控方与被告方所负的证明责任或举证责任的性质不同,导致对控、辩双方所适用的证明标准有所差异。另外,从诉讼效率及保护人权出发,对于不同的证明对象也应适用不同的证明标准。本文在考察国外立法例以及对相关原理进行分析的基础上,对我国证明标准的多元化和层次性进行了探讨,并提出了相应的立法建议。     

响应面分析法优化马兰总黄酮提取工艺研究

目的 应用响应面分析法优化马兰总黄酮的提取工艺。方法 以单因素研究为基础,以总黄酮提取量为响应值,以4因素3水平的响应面分析法优化马兰总黄酮的提取工艺。结果 马兰总黄酮的最优提取工艺条件为：乙醇浓度为40%,液料比为〖DK(〗16.5∶1,〖DK)〗提取时间为2 h,提取次数3次,在该条件下,马兰总黄酮提取量预测值为162.538 mg,实际验证值为156.867 mg,并得出各因素对马兰总黄酮提取量的影响大小依次为乙醇浓度、液料比、提取次数、提取时间。结论 响应面分析法可用于优化马兰总黄酮的提取工艺,实验验证值与模型预测值基本相符。