完善北京城市应急决策指挥机制

应急管理的决策指挥机制分为先期处置、应急响应和应急结束三大流程加以规范。目前,北京已经建立起了独具特色的"三加二"应急管理模式,建立了较为完善的突发事件信息报送制。然而,北京目前的集中式应急指挥体系与分散化部门权责之间存在着冲突,决策指挥机构间的权限划分不够清晰;在应急信息管理中尚存在着制度导向的误区,在应急决策过程中缺乏专家参与制度。北京城市应急决策指挥机制应当强化应急决策指挥机构的权威性,建立统一的应急信息平台系统;重构应急管理中信息公开的理念、范围和方式;建立和完善应急决策指挥过程中的监督机制和专家顾问的参与机制。     

公司法规则的回应力——一个政策性的边缘理解

法律现实主义者十分关注法律的回应力。按照法律回应力的分析工具,最佳的公司法模式是有很强"回应性的公司法"。全球公司法的回应力模型可以区分为私人方向的回应模型和公共方向的回应模型,中国大体居于一种中间主义的状态。公司法的回应力取决于利益主体的识别、利益机制的设计以及回应成本、回应时机的考量。按照法律分工的模式,中国公司法的回应力应更集中于公司、股东以及董事、高管的利益调整,淡化其他的回应需求;要细分不同利益主体的利益层次;在回应成本和回应时机上进行改良,强化立法性、民间性、司法性回应机制,成立公司法改革检讨委员会、承认公司内部解决纠纷的能力、成立专门的公司法审判庭或者商事法院、促使裁判文书公共化。不同的公司法回应力政策会产生不同的系统性效应,导致不同的"习惯性沉淀"。要使沉淀的"法律资本"有用武之地,公司法必须持续保持其回应力。     

吉林省农民增收问题实证研究——基于人力资源开发视角的思考

农民增收问题是"三农"问题的关键。有分析表明,吉林省农民收入中工资性收入和家庭经营二、三产业收入比重较低,因而着力提高农民的非农产业收入势在必行。农民素质的提高对其非农就业和非农收入增长具有显著的促进作用,为此,应大力开发农村人力资源,切实提高农村人力资本质量,以增强内生变量对农民增收的作用,从而形成农民增收的长效机制。     

创新空防体系：持久留空与即时打击

来自空中的威胁,正在成为中国国家安全面临的主要军事威胁。选择具有持久留空和即时反应能力的浮空器作为主战平台,建构符合中国国情的新空防体系,可极大提高国防投入的费效比,是应对“空海一体战”、“超快打击”、“离岸封锁”等军事威胁的战略性思路。“持久留空”是指飞行器能够以天、月、年为时间单位在空中飞行或驻留,它将提供远超过目前飞机以小时为尺度的留空时间。能够持久留空的飞行器不注重飞得更高、更快的性能指标,却要求飞行器在空中尽可能长久地停留。“即时反应”是指依托驻留在空中的飞行器对陆海空天目标进行不间断地感知、侦查,在确认遭遇攻击时可对敌方空中目标和发射基地实施即发即中的打击。建构“持久留空-即时反应”的新型空防体系,可以摆脱“三代机”、“四代机”、“五代机”的线性发展思路,避免模仿“介入”、“反介入”、“反反介入”的美式军事思想,寻找到具有军事变革意义的中国空防新路径。这对保持国家间的和平,遏制拥有军事技术优势的国家发动“先发制人”打击的冲动具有重大的意义。     

表面肌电在肢体肌肉功能评估中的应用及研究进展

如何定量的评估肌肉在主动活动和姿势诱发反射下他动时的肌肉功能状态对于法医临床鉴定工作具有十分重要的意义。表面肌电图,通过从肌肉表面的电极引导,记录神经肌肉系统活动时肌电活动,可以定量的反映肌肉的功能状态,其在肢体功能评估中具有重要的使用价值。综述了表面肌电在肢体主动活动和姿势诱发反射下肢体功能评估中的应用及研究进展。     

Robust Linux memory acquisition with minimal target impact

Software based Memory acquisition on modern systems typically requires the insertion of a kernel module into the running kernel. On Linux, kernel modules must be compiled against the exact version of kernel headers and the exact kernel configuration used to build the currently executing kernel. This makes Linux memory acquisition significantly more complex in practice, than on other platforms due to the number of variations of kernel versions and configurations, especially when responding to incidents. The Linux kernel maintains a checksum of kernel version and will generally refuse to load a module which was compiled against a different kernel version. Although there are some techniques to override this check, there is an inherent danger leading to an unstable kernel and possible kernel crashes. This paper presents a novel technique to safely load a pre-compiled kernel module for acquisition on a wide range of Linux kernel versions and configuration. Our technique injects a minimal acquisition module (parasite) into another valid kernel module (host) already found on the target system. The resulting combined module is then relinked in such a way as to grant code execution and control over vital data structures to the acquisition code, whilst the host module remains dormant during runtime.     

非洲猪瘟病毒感染免疫反应的研究进展

非洲猪瘟是由非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)引起的一种危害全球养猪业的灾难性疾病,临床上以急性、热性、出血性、高发病率和高死亡率为特征。世界动物卫生组织(OIE)将其列为法定报告动物疫病,也是我国必须上报的一类动物疫病。自上世纪二十年代出现以来,有关非洲猪瘟病毒的病原特性、流行特点以及免疫应答等多个方面的研究虽然已经开展,但是我们对其仍然知之甚少。本文概括总结了非洲猪瘟病毒感染后机体的免疫应答反应,以期为非洲猪瘟病毒的后续研究和疫苗研制提供理论依据。     

Confidence in an election authority and satisfaction with democracy: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment of a failed election in Sweden

Contemporary research on electoral integrity has focused on the functioning, evaluation, and legitimacy of electoral processes in emerging democracies. By contrast, this study investigates whether a failed election in a well-established democracy can affect individuals' evaluations of the electoral management body, the Election Authority, and whether those evaluations affect satisfaction with democracy. Using the case of a Swedish regional election in 2010 that had to be rerun due to procedural mistakes in the vote handling, we found that, in the short term, individuals’ confidence in the Election Authority was reduced after it was announced that the election had to be rerun because of the mistakes. Subsequently, this decreased confidence was strongly associated with less satisfaction with democracy at the regional and national level. As good news for the authority, after a successful rerun election, confidence rebounded to the levels prior to the failed election.     

Winds of Change: Voter Blame and Storm Gudrun in the 2006 Swedish Parliamentary Election

Can a natural disaster shift long-standing party support for the long-term? Studies of political behavior indicate that, as elections approach, voters punish or credit governments based on their responses to severe weather phenomena. It may still be considered an open question, however, if poor crisis response could trigger more durable shifts in long-standing party support. I provide empirical evidence suggesting that it could. I exploit a crucial case for the study of change in party support, Storm Gudrun (Erwin), to examine long lasting punishment effects over crisis response. The estimated effect is of a magnitude that equals the largest block-transfer of voters in Swedish history and can be seen over three parliamentary elections (2006, 2010 and 2014).