Déjà vu All Over Again: Investigating Temporal Continuity of Adolescent Victimization

An important theoretical issue in the study of criminal victimization focuses on state dependence or the extent to which prior victimization causally affects subsequent victimization. Framing this issue are two conceptual arguments that posit divergent predictions regarding the impact of past victimization. While “victim labeling” suggests that the experience of prior victimization increases victimization in the future, “victim rationality” suggests that past victimization decreases subsequent victimization. To date there has been little longitudinal research that explicitly evaluates these competing viewpoints. In response, the current study uses panel data from a sample of adolescents to assess the merit of these opposing theoretical frameworks. Against this theoretical backdrop, it is shown that prevailing strategies for the analysis of panel data—random-effects and fixed-effects—produce erroneous results that add confusion to the debate regarding the nature of state dependence processes in criminal victimization. Drawing from advances in econometrics, two estimators that can overcome the problems that plague more traditional panel data models are used to provide a test of the competing victimization perspectives. Results from those analyses suggest support for the thesis that past victimization increases subsequent victimization, but the magnitude of this positive relationship is more modest than is indicated by analytic models that have been utilized in prior longitudinal victimization research.

Using State Child Labor Laws to Identify the Causal Effect of Youth Employment on Deviant Behavior and Academic Achievement

On the basis of prior research findings that employed youth, and especially intensively employed youth, have higher rates of delinquent behavior and lower academic achievement, scholars have called for limits on the maximum number of hours per week that teenagers are allowed to work. We use the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 to assess the claim that employment and work hours are causally related to adolescent problem behavior. We utilize a change model with age-graded child labor laws governing the number of hours per week allowed during the school year as instrumental variables. We find that these work laws lead to additional number of hours worked by youth, which then lead to increased high school dropout but decreased delinquency. Although counterintuitive, this result is consistent with existing evidence about the effect of employment on crime for adults and the impact of dropout on youth crime.

网络银行业务对传统法律的挑战与回应

网络银行业务在突破传统银行业务理念的同时 ,也对既存的法律制度产生了巨大的冲击与挑战。这主要表现在法律管辖权的确定、电子资金划拨、网络银行的监管及对利用网络银行犯罪等方面。因此 ,既存法律制度的革新是新金融情势下的必然要求。鉴于网络银行的无时空性、虚拟性与跨国界性 ,所以传统法律的变革及全新的立法必须基于网络银行的本质属性 ,同时 ,从国内法与国际法两个层面双管齐下 ,才能使应然的法律适应网络银行业务的内在要求。     

血府逐瘀汤辅助治疗重症闭合性胸外伤临床观察

目的 观察血府逐瘀汤辅助治疗重症闭合性胸外伤的疗效。方法 将60例重症闭合性胸外伤患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组30例。对照组在西医常规对症治疗的基础上进行纤维气管镜肺泡灌洗,治疗组在对照组疗法的基础上加服血府逐瘀汤。采用视觉模拟量表(visual analogue scale,VAS)评价患者的胸痛程度,通过检测外周血白细胞(white blood cell, WBC)及血清C-反应蛋白(C-reactive protein, CRP)水平评价炎症程度,采用血气分析评价肺通气和换气功能。结果 治疗组患者治疗后VAS评分降低程度显著大于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗组患者住院时间较对照组明显缩短（P<0.05）。治疗第3、7、12天末,治疗组患者血pH值、动脉血氧分压、血氧饱和度均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,动脉血二氧化碳分压、外周血WBC计数、血清CRP水平均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗组临床疗效明显优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 血府逐瘀汤能提高重症闭合性胸外伤患者肺泡的通透性,改善肺组织的通气及换气功能,降低炎症反应。     

A Coordinated Community Response to Intimate Partner Violence on the College Campus

Recent statistics indicate that intimate partner violence is magnified on college campuses. In the university setting, victims of intimate partner violence may encounter numerous agencies (e.g., campus police, local courts, victim advocates) following reporting of victimization. The need for a coordinated community response to intimate partner violence of college students has been emphasized in recent years, yet little research has been conducted. This qualitative, exploratory study examines perceptions of 15 service providers in a recently implemented, campus-based, coordinated community response. Narrative data from semistructured interviews indicate that service providers are generally satisfied with the current response, but report a need for increased training and resources. Implications for future research, education, and public policy are discussed.     

应用听觉脑干反应(ABR)评定感音神经性聋听力损失程度的法医学研究

对60耳感音神经性聋的ABR反应阈和纯音语频听阈均值（PTA）进行相关分析和回归分析。结果表明，应用回归方程可客观准确地判定语频听阈。同时，首次应用ABR波V潜伏期斜率和ABR反应阈综合预估纯音听力图型进行了研究，发现该方法预估准确率高。其研究成果可应用于法医学鉴定。     

网络政治参与行为的政治心理机制分析——基于项目反应理论的测量

项目反应理论可以更加科学地测量权利观、权威观等复杂的政治心理概念,探析网络政治参与的政治心理机制。可能影响网络政治参与的政治心理包括基础价值、宏观制度感知和具体行为感知,前两者反映网络政治参与“心理型视角”的解释机制,具体行为感知反映“工具型视角”的解释机制。网民的公正感、权威感、国家认同影响公民的网络政治参与,具体行为感知的影响则不显著。网络政治参与行为更多受到“心理型视角”的要素影响。对于网络政治参与的引导和规范,政府不仅需要大力发展电子政务,提供更便捷的技术平台,还需要加强公民政治教育,规范网络政治参与行为。     

人口与计生组织网络参与地方应急处置重大突发事件的优势和作用探析

本文从"人的问题"是应急处置重大突发事件过程中的核心问题这一基本命题出发,比较系统地分析了人口与计生组织网络参与地方应急处置重大突发事件的优势和作用,并就如何进一步发挥人口和计生组织网络在参与地方应急处置重大突发事件中的重要作用提出了具体的政策建议。     

心理学在监狱警察心理帮助中的具体应用

监狱人民警察高压力的工作性质，使长期处于心理应激状态的警察个体比其他职业更容易产生心理问题。而目前，我国监狱警察获得的支持和关怀远远低于其自身需要，国内有关监狱警察职业压力和心理帮助的研究也并不多，而要建立科学有效的监狱警察心理帮助系统，就必须运用心理学的研究成果及相关理论。     

青少年犯罪心理预测变量分析

青少年身心发展特殊性决定的主观要素变化是青少年犯罪的重要心理条件。本文在借鉴艾里克·埃里克森等人关于青少年期人格发展理论成果的基础上,对青少年期犯罪预测变量的主观要素进行了人格归因,提出自我意识作为人格系统的重要变量,对青少年犯罪心理预测变量具有深层次的影响作用,同时对教育实践中自我意识塑造的目标要素进行了关注。