Responsibilization: The case of road safety governance

Governments are increasingly turning to new modes of governance to induce nonstate actors to voluntarily take responsibility for societal problems. Using the concept of responsibilization as a theoretical lens, this article analyzes changes in road safety governance in Sweden. How, why, and to whom has the responsibility for road safety been attributed in Swedish policymaking, and how have state authorities engaged in processes of responsibilization during its implementation? The results show a shift in attribution of responsibility from individual road users to a broad set of so-called system designers, based on moral, causal, and preventive rationales. Responsibilization both occurs within the state apparatus and is imposed by state authorities on nonstate actors using soft governance measures. Responsibilization provides a fruitful theoretical lens for governance studies by identifying shifts in responsibility (including deresponsibilization), explicating normative/ethical underpinnings of new governance modes, and helping to open the “black box” of the state.     

The counter-hegemonic role of civil society: Palestinian–Arab NGOs in Israel

This paper deals with the causes and impact of the rise in the number of Palestinian–Arab Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Israel in the last two decades. It provides a multi-level model that combines economic, political and cultural factors to explain the shifts in Palestinian-Arab political mobilization in Israel and as a result to the rise of a complex network of Arab NGOs. The paper demonstrates the way in which the civil institutions and their intensive involvement in public social affairs generate social capital that has internal as well as external political impact. Arab civil society institutions, which operate mainly separately from civil institutions of the Jewish majority, assist in the empowerment and the development of Arab society. They provide services in different fields, such as education, health, and planning. They also advocate and lobby for the rights of the Arab citizens inside Israel and internationally. Arab civil society institutions also provide information necessary for political mobilization, identity formation, and cultural preservation. In this framework the paper claims that they play a counter-hegemonic role vis-à-vis the Israeli state. However, the paper also claims that the broad advocacy and lobbying activity of Arab civil institutions did not manage to fully democratize Israeli policies towards Arab society, demonstrating the centrality of state identity and power structure when it comes to democratization processes. On a different level, the paper reveals that, although the Palestinian–Arab NGOs network has managed to lead to a liberalization process within Arab society, this process is partial and selective.     

Building an Asia-Pacifi c Security Architecture: Objectives, Conditions and Visions

It is pointed out by the Chinese leadership that, despite numerous frameworks for Asia-Pacifi c economic cooperation, a regional security architecture that suits the regional realities and meets the needs of various countries should and must be constructed. China should grasp the current strategic opportunities, assume the role of concept-generator and agenda maker, and duly advocate the creation of an Asia-Pacifi c regional security architecture. This paper lists six objectives in building a regional security architecture, compares the positions and proposals of various countries on regional security affairs and analyzes the three salient security issues—North Korea, the East China Sea and the South China Sea. Given the attitudes of the United States, Russia, Japan, South Korea, Australia and the ASEAN, it is impossible for any one of these entities to take the initiative in building a comprehensive architecture; nor is it advisable for China to do so under these circumstances. What China needs to do at this moment is to defi ne its strategic goals and clarify its strategic thinking.     

从企业视角看如何推进企业集体合同工作

从企业视角对有条件开展集体合同的企业不积极开展集体合同工作的原因进行分析,提出推进企业开展集体合同工作的对策。     

Lobbying: fantasy,reality or both? A health care public policy case study

This paper provides a theoretical explanation for lobbying as interpersonal rhetorical communication based on the tenets of symbolic convergence theory (SCT). SCT is a general theory of communication in the symbolic interactionism paradigm. Nowhere in the extant communication literature, including the scholarly public relations research, is lobbying explicated in this way. This paper utilises a health care public policy case study to illustrate SCT in lobbying practice. The emphasis here is on how lobbyists use homo narrans, or human storytelling, in influential face‐to‐face information exchange with public policy decision makers to be persuasive on behalf of their clients. The ultimate aim of this paper is to build the current body of theoretical and practical knowledge about lobbying, to advance more positive perceptions of lobbyists and lobbying and to improve the practice of lobbying in producing effective public policy outcomes. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications     

新民主主义社会与小康社会

小康社会和新民主主义社会都是中国共产党在中国社会发展问题上符合中国实际的独创性设计。小康社会和新民主主义社会的关注点和社会性质有所不同,但二者又互相关联。小康社会以新民主主义社会为参照系,二者同为中国特色的锻造。     

圣经修辞诠释学的理论发展与应用——以登山宝训为诠释范例

古希腊与罗马时期的修辞学,对西方文学的发展有重要的影响。修辞学经过多年沉寂后,在20世纪出现了一股复兴的浪潮,带动了修辞诠释学的兴起,这股浪潮也影响到圣经研究方面,不少圣经学者将修辞诠释学的理论应用到圣经研究方面,甚至扭转了圣经研究的方向。本文之写作目的在于探讨有关修辞诠释学的理论发展,并通过研究登山宝训作为应用该理论在新约圣经研究上的一个范例。本文的内容分为两部分,第一都分是理论方面,先从历史的角度探讨修辞诠释学的理论发展过程,分别探讨古典修辞学、新约圣经与修辞学, 以及修辞诠释学的理论发展。第二部分是应用方面,选取《马太福音》的登山宝训作为研究的文本,因登山宝训是耶稣极具权威性的教导,本文将修辞诠释学理论中的诠释步骤应用在登山宝训的诠释上,主要分为修辞段落、修辞处境、资料编排和检视评估等四个步骤。     

语言情感功能的实现方式

在近些年来的语言学研究中,人们越来越关注对语言功能的研究,但是针对语言功能的实现方式的研究却相对少些,有的只是研究众多潜在实现方式中的一个层面。通过对日常语言的具体应用的分析,在收集整理了大量语料的基础上,本文试图系统地讨论语言情感功能的几个基本的实现方式,它们是:词汇选择,语音特点以及修辞手法。探讨语言功能的实现方式,不仅可以加深对语言的认识,而且对语言的实际应用也具有现实的指导意义。     

略论公安愿景管理

对于当前公安队伍管理工作而言,愿景管理还是一个全新的概念。将愿景管理理念移植到公安队伍管理中,旨在最大限度地激发公安民警的工作激情和创造力,增强公安队伍的活力,提高公安服务的质量和效率。建构公安组织愿景应考虑组织存在的宗旨和任务、公安领导者的个人愿景、组织内全体民警的个人愿景、组织外部环境的变迁等因素。