The `Ideal' Victim v Successful Rape Complainants: Not What You Might Expect

This article proposes that feminist legal critics need to be able to explain how some rape cases succeed in securing convictions. The means by which rape cases are routinely disqualified in the criminal justice system have received widespread attention. It is well established in feminist legal critique that female complainants are discredited if they fail to conform to an archaic stereotype of the genuine or ‘real’ rape victim. This victim is not only morally and sexually virtuous she is also cautious, unprovocative, and consistent. Defence tactics for discrediting rape testimony involve exposing the complainant's alleged failure to comply with the sexual and behavioural standards of the normative victim. This understanding of how rape complain(an)ts are disqualified is not predictive, however, of the complainants whose cases succeed in securing convictions. This article reviews some successful Australian rape cases and considers the ways in which they disturb feminist understandings of how rape complaints are discredited in the criminal justice system. It proposes that recent research analysing the discourse of rape trials provides a way of explaining the apparent discrepancies between the ‘ideal’ rape victim and successful complainants. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

风险投资的风险分析与控制

风险投资有着高风险、高收益的特征。风险资本和风险投资机制的建立,可以推动高科技成果的转化,使社会资源的配置达到优化。实施有效的风险控制,有助于促进风险投资的不断发展和完善。风险控制包括选择、协议、辅导、退出四个阶段,而风险投资公司要想运作成功,还必须建立起一套有效的风险控制体系。     

大学生自杀行为探析

文章通过社会调查与资料采集 ,对当代大学生的轻生自杀行为进行分析、研究 ,并提请大学生、家庭、学校、社会的关注 ,加强安全教育与防范。     

体外培养FBs损伤模型的建立及细胞免疫组化研究

首次应用培养人胎肺成纤维细胞 (FBs)损伤模型 ,体外研究创缘FBs合成细胞型纤维连接蛋白 (cellu larfibronectins,cFn)的变化与损伤时间的关系。结果表明 ,损伤使处于静息状态的融合FBs成为具有运动能力和增殖能力的活跃细胞。应用免疫组化ABC法结合图像分析技术 ,观察伤后不同时间创缘FBs内cFn的含量变化。伤后 1h ,可以检测到cFn有变化 ,且在伤后 6h内 ,cFn逐渐增多 ,其变化与损伤时间呈正相关。这对今后应用cFn与损伤时间推断的研究提供了科学依据 ,同时为法医学损伤时间研究开辟了新的途径。     

“My Kids,They Safe.”: Lived Experiences of Parents Receiving Child Neglect Allegations

Abstract

This study aims to explore parents’ lived experiences of receiving child neglect allegations and how they make sense of these experiences. The sample consists of parents who participated in a family preservation program following allegations of child neglect. Semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). The findings suggest that parents resist neglect allegations, both by denial and minimization, partly due to their lack of clear understanding of what constitutes child neglect. Further, parents in this study tended to be reactive to meanings ascribed to the label of child neglect rather than the allegations per se. They seemed to experience internal conflict between their positive evaluations of their own parenting and what their neglect allegations might imply about their parenting. Parents also experienced emotional distress, such as concern about social stigma and fear of losing their parental rights, as they tried to make sense of their current situations. Suggested implications for practice include exploring parents’ subjective understanding of their allegations and considering their unique familial and sociocultural contexts from the outset of their involvement with child protective services (CPS) in order to build a collaborative working alliance.     

School-related victimizations among adolescents: An analysis of National Crime Survey (NCS) narratives

This paper uses a heretofore untapped source of information in the National Crime Survey (NCS) victimization data—the interviewer narratives—to explore school-related victimizations among adolescents. These narrative reports provide important information bearing on lifestyle and routine activity theories of victimization that is simply not available from the more familiar, highly structured portions of the NCS questionnaire. The NCS narratives suggest that a large proportion of school-related victimizations stems from peer interactions that occur in the course of routine daily activities and escalate into victimizations. Students represent pools of both potential offenders and potential victims who come in frequent contact with each other, often in the absence of capable guardians. However, rather than predatory, calculated attempts to harm, school-related victimizations among adolescents appear to consist primarily of bullying, injured pride, and misguided mischief. The theoretical and methodological implications of this study are highlighted.     

传染性腔上囊病病毒HN01超强毒株VP2基因的克隆和序列分析

根据GenBank中登录的传染性腔上囊病病毒(IBDV)标准强毒株52-70株基因组序列,设计并合成了1对扩增IBDV VP2基因的特异性引物.以IBDV超强毒分离株HN01感染发病鸡腔上囊组织中提取的病毒RNA为模板,用RT-PCR扩增出了1.45 kb的cDNA产物,将扩增的IBDV HN01株VP2基因克隆于pMD 18-T载体上,获得了pMD 18-T-VP2重组质粒.将IBDV HN01株 VP2基因序列测定结果与已发表的其他IBDV毒株VP2基因序列进行分析比较,绘出系统进化树.结果表明,HN01株与欧洲超强毒株UK661、日本超强毒株OKYM、香港超强毒株HK46等非常相似,而与经典强毒株、弱毒株和变异株相差较大.     

"相关市场"界定的困惑与解析

在反垄断法上,"相关市场"的界定往往是展开竞争分析的出发点和前提.为了使其界定的结果更加符合实际情况,各国的执法机构在实践中纷纷引入经济分析的方法,并且总结出了许多界定的规则,但是由于经济生活的极度复杂性,使得这一界定过程充满了不确定的因素.加之考虑到司法成本的投入和法官素质要求过高等限制性条件,要想精确地界定"相关市场"的边界便显得十分困难.     

当代大学生网恋现象分析

“网恋”是信息化高度发展的产物。如今“网恋”成了当代大学生人际交往的通道,并因此产生了一些社会问题,引起了教育工作者的关注。     

犯罪与刑罚效益论——波斯纳刑法理论解析

波斯纳的刑法理论是以"效益"为中心,运用经济的方法来分析犯罪和刑罚问题,可以概括称为"犯罪与刑罚的效益论".他认为每个罪犯都是理性的计算者,而其犯罪行为都能够从经济的背景上,在利益的驱动中找到合理的原因.正是对犯罪经济原因的深层分析,才能找到预防和控制犯罪的合理方法,而最佳的刑事制度,要综合考虑犯罪的机会成本、查获几率、惩罚严厉性等其它相关变量.