我国未成年人案件审查批捕制度的改革构想

我国未成年人案件审查批捕制度存在诸多问题，导致未成年犯罪嫌疑人的批捕率非常高，这与当前加强对未成年人的司法保护趋势不相适应，改革现行的未成年人案件审查批捕制度势在必行。从我国未成年人案件审查批捕工作的现状出发，分析未成年人案件审查批捕制度存在的问题，借鉴域外相关制度的立法规定及司法实践，提出具体的改革构想。     

Reduce optimisation time and effort: Taguchi experimental design methods

Development and validation of new methods and technologies frequently require long periods of time and high costs to determine the optimal system. A commonly used approach to optimisation is the factorial method, where each variable is tested at every level of the other variables. An alternative approach is to modify the experimental design using a multifactorial approach. The Taguchi design method utilises orthogonal arrays, which distribute the variables in a balanced manner, thus greatly reducing the number of experiments required. We applied the Taguchi experimental design method to PCR optimisation, and significantly reduced the number of reactions required to create highly successful reactions. We found the Taguchi design method a valuable tool for the optimisation of multifactor experiments.     

Modeling teachers acceptance of learning management system in higher education during COVID-19 pandemic: A developing country perspective

The ubiquity of the World Wide Web has provided massive opportunities to teachers and learners around the globe to share knowledge anytime anywhere via learning management system. Hence, considering the needs of the students; universities have arranged the facilities of the learning management system. This study is an empirical evaluation of university faculty members' intention to use a learning management system. We extended Davis's (1989) Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to evaluate faculty members' intention to use learning management system amid COVID-19. Data were obtained from the faculty members of Pakistani universities through the convenience sampling technique and analyzed using PLS-SEM. The outcomes of the study revealed that perceived ease of using a learning management system, user-interface design, and faculty members' innovativeness have a favorable impact on their intention to use learning management system. Facilitating conditions positively influenced intention to use learning management system. However, the positive relationship between facilitating conditions and perceived ease of using the learning management system was insignificant. The results indicate that the extended TAM model has effectively predicted faculty members' intention to use the learning management system. The findings of the current study can be used for the training and development of faculty members by institutions and regulatory bodies in developing countries.     

对当前公安院校研究生教育的思考

研究创新是在全面了解和掌握前人积累的知识和经验的基础上发现新知识和形成新理论的活动。创新性正是通过大量的科学研究和实践活动反映出来的,是研究生教育的生命源,是研究生培养体系形成和发展壮大的基础,是强化研究生创新能力和实践能力的前提。我国现代公安院校研究生教育必须担负起传授公安专业知识、进行技术创新的使命,通过调整课程设置、更新科研理念等切实性措施,培养具有创新精神、创新能力的高层次人才,将创新作为自身发展的永恒主题。     

针刺治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床正交设计观察

目的 对腰椎间盘突出症的针刺治疗方案进行初步优选。方法 以48例腰椎间盘突出症患者为观察对象,以视觉模拟评分法（visual analogue scale,VAS）、日本骨科协会（Japanese orthopaedic association,JOA）评分系统为评价指标,以针刺腰夹脊穴为主要治疗方法,采用四因素二水平正交设计方案,对加强局部选穴、循经远端取穴、电针频率、针刺间隔时间的组合方案进行优选。结果 加强局部取穴、循经远端取穴、电针频率3个因素两水平间的VAS及JOA评分差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）;针刺时间间隔两水平之间VAS及JOA评分差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;交互作用中,加强局部取穴与电针频率4 Hz、循经远端取穴与电针频率4 Hz的交互作用最为显著。结论 腰椎间盘突出症宜针刺夹脊穴,配合加强局部取穴和循经远端取穴,电针频率4 Hz,隔日治疗1次。     

迈向程序法治：人民监督员制度改革的理性与前瞻

人民监督员制度是权利制约权力、主权在民、公众参与司法、司法民主理念的充分体现。它是一种救济程序,也是一种监督程序。人民监督员制度改革要在宏观上处理好“应然”与“实然”、“渐进”与“嬗变”、“监督”和“独立”的关系;要在微观上健全配套机制,实现人民监督员的独立。     

禁止儿童乞讨的法经济学分析

分析和解决社会问题有多种进路。法经济学仰仗其强大的解释力和不断自我升级的活力,为分析社会问题提供了一种新颖实用的视角。我们可以运用法经济学的分析范式研究禁止儿童乞讨的问题。儿童乞讨问题受到社会各界广泛关注。有人建议立法干预,甚至全面禁止儿童乞讨。通过法经济学的视角可以剖析儿童乞讨问题的社会根源,并就制度设计过程中需要界清的有关概念以及各种社会成本与收益进行分析,进而按照法经济学的评价体系对各种主张进行考察,从技术层面与国际比较的层面上对禁止儿童乞讨作出制度设计或改进方面的具体分析与建议。     

Privacy and the regulation of 2012

This paper explores the European Commission’s proposal for a new Regulation to update and reform data protection law in Europe. As regards the Regulation itself, without presenting an exhaustive analysis of all the provisions, this paper aims to highlight some significant changes proposed to the data protection regime by comparison between Directive 95/46 and the proposed Regulation. It takes particularly into account legislative innovation concerning data protection principles, data subjects’ rights, data controllers and data processors obligations, and the regulation of technologies. Before analyzing these innovations, it introduces some considerations about the Commission’s choice to use a Regulation instead of a Directive to harmonize national data protection regime.     

Voting at 16: Intended and unintended consequences of Austria's electoral reform

Several democracies are currently debating whether to lower their legal voting age to 16, but relatively little is known about the long-term consequences of such reforms. We contribute to this debate by studying electoral habit formation among 16-year-old voters in Austria, where the national-level voting age was decreased in 2007. We employ eligibility-based regression discontinuities to evaluate two consequences of the reform. First, we show that eligible 16-year-olds are more likely to vote in future elections. Second, we demonstrate that the political consequences of this reform were not neutral. Newly eligible young voters are more likely to place themselves towards the extremes of the ideological spectrum. We also simulate the cumulative long-term impact on electoral outcomes and argue that the reform was costly for the centrist government parties that initially adopted it.     

Crucial Factors in Implementing Radical Policy Change: A Comparative Longitudinal Study of Nordic Central Agency Relocation Programs

Abstract

Why do public policies succeed or fail? The aim of this article is to contribute to answering this enduring research question in policy research through a comparative study of the variable efforts by Nordic governments to relocate their central agencies from the capital regions over a period of several decades. This was a radical redistributive policy program premised on a policy instrument – coercion – which was very alien to political systems characterized as consensual democracies. Hence, it is no surprise that only two out of seven relocation programs of any substance were successful. The really intriguing research question here is how any relocation program was achievable at all in a policy context where this was very unlikely. A broadly based multi-theoretical analytical framework linking interest groups, institutions, human agency in the form of policy entrepreneurship/design and situational factors is employed to solve this research puzzle. Findings from this study offer important contributions to the following research fields: comparative public policy, radical policy change and most specifically the so-called third generation of public policy implementation research.